Management of cholelithiasis in Italian children: A national multicenter study

Table 1 Risk factors for cholelithiasis in 181 children observed at Pediatric Medical and Surgical Department

Risk factor	Pediatric medical departments	Pediatric surgical department	Total
Hemolytic disorders	9	7	16
Familiarity	46	5	51
Obesity	14	0	14
NPT1	0	4	4
Hepatobiliary chronic disease	8	1	9
Cystic fibrosis	2	0	2
Ceftriaxone therapy	4	7	11
Abdominal surgery	2	0	2
IgA deficiency	1	0	1
Gilbert’s disease	2	1	3
No risk factors identified	55	40	95

¹NPT: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics, type of treatment and outcome in 119 children with cholelithiasis observed at Pediatric Medical Department

	UDCA therapy	Cholecystectomy	Wait and see
Asymptomatic	33	2	17
Colicky pain	18	7	6
Typical biliary tract symptoms	26	4	7
Atypical symptoms	6	0	3
Pancreatitis/Cholecystitis	0	1	0
Resolution of lithiasis	6	14	0
Recurrence of lithiasis	3	0	0
Resolution of symptoms	40	14	0
Recurrence of symptoms	0	3	0
Total of patients	83	14	33

Table 3 Clinical characteristics, type of treatment and outcome in 62 children with cholelithiasis observed at Pediatric Surgical Department

	UDCA therapy	Cholecystectomy	Wait and see
Asymptomatic	8	9	1
Colicky pain	12	23	0
Typical biliary tract symptoms	9	14	0
Atypical symptoms	3	3	0
Pancreatitis/Cholecystitis	2	1	0
Resolution of lithiasis	2	50	0
Recurrence of lithiasis	0	0	0
Resolution of symptoms	9	50	0
Recurrence of symptoms	0	0	0
Total of patients	34	50	1