Targeted medical therapy of biliary tract cancer: Recent advances and future perspectives

Table 1 Current status of clinical trials with agents that target growth factor receptors and related signaling pathways for treatment of biliary tract and gallbladder cancers

Name	Target	Mechanism	Cotreatment	Status	Clinical trials
Bevacizumab	VEGF	VEGF-neutralizing antibody	Erlotinib	Phase II	NCT00350753[17]
			Erlotinib	Phase II	NCT00356889[18]
			Radiation	Phase I	NCT00426829[21]
			Floxuridine, dexamethasone	Phase II	NCT00410956[20]
			Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin	Phase II	NCT00361231[19]
Cediranib (AZD2171)	PAN-VEGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	AZD-0530	Phase I	NCT00475956
Cetuximab	EGFR	Monoclonal antibody	Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin	Phase II	NCT00552149 (BINGO)[22]
Erlotinib	EGFR	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor		Phase II	NCT00033462[12]
			Gemcitabine	Phase Ib
			Oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, radiation	Phase I	NCT00266097[16]
Lapatinib	EGFR, erbB2	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor		Phase II	NCT00107536[14]
Sorafenib	VEGFR, PDGFR, c-Raf, B-Raf	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Oxaliplatin,	Phase II	NCT00238212[15]
			Capecitabine	Phase I/II	NCT00634751[23]
			Gemcitabine	Phase I/II	NCT00661830 (GEMSO)[24]
Bortezomib	Proteasome	Proteasome inhibitor		Phase II	NCT00085410[13]
			Docetaxel	Phase I