Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes differ in body awareness, psychological symptoms and biochemical stress markers

Table 1 Body awareness scale (BAS-H)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
BASobs
Total	1.5	2 (2)	2.6	3 (3)c	2.7	3 (3)c	2.2	2 (4)cfi
Grounding	1.5	2 (2)	2.6	2 (2)c	2.9	3 (2)c	1.9	2 (2)bfi
Mid-line	2.1	2 (2)	3.6	4 (3)c	3.4	3 (2)c	3.0	3 (2)cd
Centring	2.1	2 (1)	3.3	3 (2)c	3.4	4 (2)c	2.8	3 (2)ceg
Flow	1.5	1 (2)	2.5	3 (4)c	2.7	3 (3)c	2.4	2 (4)c
Respiration	1.4	1 (2)	3.9	4 (2)c	3.9	4 (2)c	3.6	4 (1)c
Boundaries	0.5	0 (0)	1.1	0 (2)c	1.1	0 (2)b	1.0	0 (2)b
BASself
Total	1.6	2 (2)	1.8	2 (3)a	2.7	2 (4)cf	2.3	2 (4)cfh
Grounding	0.8	0 (2)	1.0	0 (2)	1.8	2 (3)ce	1.8	2 (4)cf
Mid-line	1.6	2 (2)	1.8	2 (4)	3.2	4 (5)cf	2.4	2 (4)beg
Centring	1.3	0 (2)	1.3	1 (2)	2.2	2 (4)ad	1.4	1 (2)
Flow	2.1	2 (4)	2.8	3 (5)a	3.8	4 (4)ce	3.5	4 (4)cd
Respiration	1.0	0 (2)	1.6	2 (2)	2.4	2 (3)cd	2.9	4 (3)cf
Boundaries	1.7	2 (3)	2.0	2 (3)	2.6	2 (4)ce	2.0	2 (4)g

Results from BASobs and BASself examination score from AHC group and D-IBS, C-IBS and A-IBS patients. The results are shown in total and as items categorised. The higher score, the more symptoms.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001 vs AHC;

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 vs D-IBS;

^gP < 0.05,

^hP < 0.01,

ⁱP < 0.001, C-IBS vs A-IBS. M: Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 2 Gastrointestinal scale (GIS)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
Total	0.4	0 (1)	1.9	1 (3)c	1.7	1 (3)c	2.0	1 (3)c
Pain	0.5	0 (1)	1.9	2 (2)c	2.0	2 (2)c	1.9	2 (2)c
Flatulence	0.5	0 (0)	2.4	2 (3)c	2.5	3 (3)c	2.9	3 (4)ce
Nausea	0.5	0 (1)	1.5	0 (3)a	1.3	1 (2)	1.4	0 (2)a
Constipation	0.4	0 (1)	0.8	1 (1)a	3.8	4 (2)cf	2.9	2 (3)cf
Diarrhoea	0.5	0 (1)	3.2	3 (3)c	0.5	0 (1)f	2.2	2 (2)cf
Motility	0.7	0 (1)	3.8	4 (3)c	2.6	2 (3)ce	3.0	3 (3)cd
Miscellaneous	0.3	0 (0)	1.2	1 (1)c	1.1	0 (1)c	1.2	1 (2)c

GIS score from AHC group, D-IBS, C-IBS, and A-IBS patients. The results are shown in total and as items categorised. The higher score, the more symptoms.

^aP < 0.05,

^cP < 0.001 vs AHC;

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 vs D-IBS. M: Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 3 Psychological symptoms (SCL-90)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
Total	0.3	0 (0)	0.8	0 (1)c	1.3	1 (2)cf	1.1	1 (2)cfi
Obsessive-comp	0.4	0 (1)	1.0	1 (2)c	1.5	1 (2)cf	1.3	1 (3)ce
Sensitivity	0.3	0 (0)	0.6	0 (1)c	1.3	1 (2)cf	0.9	0 (2)cfh
Depression	0.4	0 (1)	1.1	1 (2)c	1.6	2 (2)cf	1.5	1 (3)cf
Anxiety	0.4	0 (0)	1.0	0 (2)c	1.3	1 (2)ce	1.2	1 (2)cd
Hostility	0.2	0 (0)	0.3	0 (0)b	0.8	0 (1)cf	0.7	0 (1)cf
Phobic anxiety	0.4	0 (0)	0.4	0 (0)	0.7	0 (1)cf	0.5	0 (0)cg
Paranoid ideation	0.2	0 (0)	0.4	0 (1)b	1.2	1 (2)cf	0.7	0 (1)cdi
Psychoticism	0.1	0 (0)	0.3	0 (0)c	0.7	0 (1)cf	0.4	0 (1)cdi
Somatisation	0.2	0 (0)	1.3	1 (2)c	1.9	2 (2)cf	1.5	1 (3)cdi

SCL 90 score from AHC group, D-IBS, C-IBS and A-IBS patients. The results are shown in total and as items categorised. The higher score, the more symptoms.

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001 vs AHC;

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 vs D-IBS;

^gP < 0.05,

^hP < 0.01,

ⁱP < 0.001, C-IBS vs A-IBS. M: Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 4 Sense of coherence (SOC)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
Total	4.2	4 (2)	3.8	4 (3)b	3.1	3 (3)cf	3.4	4 (3)cfh
Comprehensibility	3.7	4 (2)	3.3	3 (3)	2.5	3 (3)cf	3.1	3 (3)ci
Manageability	4.4	5 (3)	4.0	4 (3)	3.3	3.5 (3)cf	3.6	4 (3)ch
Meaningfulness	4.6	5 (1)	4.2	5 (3)	3.8	4 (2)cd	3.7	4 (2)cf
Present time	4.5	5 (1)	4.0	5 (3)a	3.3	3 (3)cf	3.5	4 (3)cf
External conditions	4.1	4 (2)	3.7	4 (3)a	2.9	3 (4)cf	3.4	3 (3)ch

Sense of coherence score from the AHC group and C-IBS, D-IBS and A-IBS patients. The results are shown in total and as items categorised. The higher score, the better SOC.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001 vs AHC;

^dP < 0.05,

^fP < 0.001 vs D-IBS;

^hP < 0.01,

ⁱP < 0.001, C-IBS vs A-IBS. M:Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 5 Psychosocial rating scale (PRS)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
PRS	3.75	4 (0)	3.33	4 (1)c	3.17	4 (1)ce	3.12	4 (2)cf

Psychosocial rating scale (PRS) presented as M, Md (IQR) from the AHC group and D-IBS, C-IBS and A-IBS patients. A higher score indicates a better psychosocial rating/quality of life.

^cP < 0.001 vs AHC;

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 vs D-IBS. M: Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 6 Pain

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)	M	Md (IQR)
Total	4.2	4 (4)	12.4	11 (12)b	14.1	11 (13)b	13.3	11 (12)c
Abdominal	0.3	0 (0)	1.5	2 (1)b	2.4	2 (1)c	1.9	2 (1)c
Rest of body	3.9	4 (6)	10.1	9 (10)a	13.1	14 (14)a	11.4	9 (11)b

Pain score presented as M, Md (IQR) experienced as drawings from the AHC group and D-IBS, C-IBS, and A-IBS patients. The higher score the more symptoms.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001, vs AHC. M: Mean; Md: Median; IQR: Inter quartile range.

Table 7 Biochemical levels (mean ± SD, %)

Category	AHC (n = 21)		D-IBS (n = 30)		C-IBS (n = 16)		A-IBS (n = 34)
C-peptide	0.46 ± 0.14	10/10	0.62 ± 0.28a	40/3	0.55 ± 0.21	25/6	0.57 ± 0.24	35/12
Triglyceride	0.7 ± 0.3	10/0	1.3 ± 0.6c	57/3	1.1 ± 0.5b	38/0	1.2 ± 0.7b	38/0
Prolactin	264 ± 118	5/10	232 ± 94	7/23	374 ± 178ae	31/0	301 ± 148	24/6
Cortisol 8	491 ± 144	10/14	539 ± 239	10/6	591 ± 274	31/19	596 ± 315	44/23
Cortisol 13	316 ± 65	10/14	334 ± 157	27/30	353 ± 118	31/19	333 ± 160	10/14

Biochemical status presented as mean ± SD and percent (%) above/below ± 1SD for the AHC group and D-IBS, C-IBS, and A-IBS patients. Cortisol 8 and 13 equals cortisol level at 8 am, and at 1 pm, respectively.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001, vs AHC;

^eP < 0.01, vs D-IBS.