Prognostic significance of BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinicopathological classification

Characteristic	Category	Data
Age	Mean (yr)	66
	Range	27-95
Gender	Male	n = 115	62.8%
	Female	n = 68	37.2%
Location1	Right side	61	33.3
	Left side	52	28.4
	Rectum	70	38.3
Tumor size (mm)	Mean	45.1
	Range	10-110
	≤ 39	74	40.4
	40-59	62	33.9
	≥ 60	47	25.7
Depth of invasion2	T0	7	3.8
	T1	18	9.9
	T2	22	12.0
	T3	129	70.5
	T4	7	3.8
Histology3	G1	51	27.9
	G2	116	63.4
	G3	16	8.7
TNM stage	I	40	21.8
	II	51	27.9
	III	53	29.0
	IV	39	21.3

¹The colon was divided into the right and left sides at the splenic flexure;

²According to the TNM classification;

³G1: Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; G2: Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; G3:Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Table 2 Correlation between BAMBI expression and β-catenin/p53 expression

			BAMBI expression1
			Weak (n)	Strong (n)	P2
β-catenin3	Low	Negative	8	6
		Weak	19	10
	High	Moderate	24	14
		Strong	29	38	0.035
p533	Negative		55	36
	Positive		25	3	0.049
			80 (54.1%)	68 (45.9%)

¹BAMBI expression was scored as described in the Methods;

²Mann-Whitney test; < 0.05 was considered statistically significant;

³β-Catenin/p53 expression were scored as described in the Methods.

Table 3 BAMBI expression in human colorectal carcinomas after curative surgery: Correlations with clinicopathological parameters

		BAMBI expression
		Weak		Strong		P1
		n	%	n	%
Gender	Male	41	26.1	11	7.1
	Female	69	43.9	36	22.9	NS
Age	27-59	60	38.2	24	15.4
	60-95	50	31.8	23	14.6	NS
Location	Right side	37	23.6	12	7.6
	Left side	27	17.2	16	10.2
	Rectum	46	29.3	19	12.1	NS
Tumor size (mm)	≤ 39	50	31.8	19	12.1
	40-59	35	22.3	15	9.6
	≥ 60	25	15.9	13	8.3	NS
Depth of invasion	Tis, T1, T2	38	24.2	9	5.7
	T3, T4	72	45.9	38	24.2	0.054
Histology	G1	36	22.9	9	5.7
	G2	67	42.7	32	20.4
	G3	7	4.5	6	3.8	0.043
LN metastases2	No	59	37.6	22	14.0
	Yes	51	32.5	25	15.9	NS
TNM stage	I	33	21.0	7	4.5
	II	35	22.3	16	10.2
	III	35	22.3	18	11.4
	IV	7	4.5	6	3.8	0.035
Metastatic site
Liver	No	2	28.6	5	83.3
	Yes	5	71.4	1	16.7	NS
Lung	No	6	85.7	6	100
	Yes	1	14.3	0	0	NS
Distant lymph nodes	No	7	100	6	100
	Yes	0	0	0	0	NS

¹Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant;

²Lymph node (LN) metastases. NS: Not significant.

Table 4 Relative risks of prognosis according to proportional-hazards regression models

Characteristics	Category	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		Hazard ratio	P	95% CI	Hazard ratio	P	95% CI
Depth of invasion	Tis, T1, T2/T3, T4	14.773	0.008	2.011-108.548	14.008	0.013	1.741-112.694
LN metastases	Yes/No	8.937	< 0.001	3.100-25.768	6.685	< 0.001	2.242-19.927
TNM stage	0/I/II/III/IV	4.633	< 0.001	2.838-7.563
BAMBI	Weak/Strong	2.109	0.041	1.029-4.324	2.265	0.057	0.952-5.385
β-Catenin	Low/High	1.944	0.108	0.864-4.377
p53	Negative/Positive	1.702	0.147	0.830-3.489	0.937	0.871	0.427-2.057