Risk factors for local recurrence of middle and lower rectal carcinoma after curative resection

Table 1 Local recurrence and circumferential resection margin status, mesorectal metastasis, and clinicopathologic characteristics of middle and lower rectal carcinoma

Clinicopathologic variable	Patients (n)	Local recurrence		χ2	P
		Positive (%)	Negative (%)
Gender
Male	37	5 (13.5)	32 (86.5)
Female	19	2 (10.5)	17 (89.5)	0.102	0.749
Age
< 60 yr	25	4 (16.0)	21 (84.0)
≥ 60 yr	31	3 (9.7)	28 (90.3)	0.506	0.477
Family history
Yes	21	5 (23.8)	16 (76.2)
No	35	2 (5.7)	33 (94.3)	3.929	0.047
CEA level
High	26	6 (23.1)	20 (76.9)
Normal	30	1 (3.3)	29 (96.7)	4.964	0.026
Cancerous perforation
Yes	3	2 (33.3)	1 (66.7)
No	53	5 (9.4)	48 (90.6)	8.503	0.004
Superficial diameter
< 5 cm	38	4 (10.5)	34 (89.5)
≥ 5 cm	18	3 (16.7)	15 (83.3)	0.421	0.516
Diameter of infiltration
1/4	8	0 (0)	8 (100)
1/2	16	1 (6.3)	15 (93.7)
3/4	18	2 (11.1)	16 (88.9)
4/4	14	4 (28.6)	10 (71.4)	5.052	0.168
Depth of invasion
T1	6	0 (0)	6 (100)
T2	23	1 (4.3)	22 (95.7)
T3	27	6 (22.2)	21 (77.8)	4.588	0.101
Histologic differentiation
Well	5	0 (0)	5 (100)
Moderate	37	2 (5.4)	35 (94.6)
Poorly	14	5 (35.7)	9 (64.3)	9.315	0.009
Lymph node metastasis
Positive	29	6 (20.7)	23 (79.3)
Negative	27	1 (3.7)	26 (96.3)	3.688	0.055
Vessel cancerous emboli
Positive	12	5 (41.7)	7 (58.3)
Negative	44	2 (4.5)	42 (95.5)	11.879	0.001
Circumferential resection margin
Positive	12	4 (33.3)	8 (66.7)
Negative	44	3 (6.8)	41 (93.2)	6.061	0.014
Mesorectal metastasis
Positive	36	6 (16.7)	30 (83.3)
Negative	20	1 (5.0)	19 (95.0)	1.6	0.206
TNM staging
I	5	0 (0)	5 (100)
II	22	1 (4.5)	21 (95.5)
III	29	6 (20.7)	23 (79.3)	3.765	0.152