Risk factors of thrombosis in abdominal veins

Table 1 Site of thrombosis and presence of risk factors in individual patients

Patient No.	Group	Site	Age(yr)	Sex	Hereditary risk factors						Acquired risk factors
					FVL	PT	MTHFR1	PrC	PrS	AT III
1	IVC and/or Hepatic vein thrombosis (BCS)	IV	12	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
2		IV	43	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Past peripheral DVT
3		IV	45	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
4		H	20	F	+,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
5		IV + H	39	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
6		H	42	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
7		H	20	M	-,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	N
8		IV	49	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
9		H	4	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
10		IV	46	M	-,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	Y
11		IV + H	54	M	+,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	N
12		IV + H	5	M	-,-	-,-	+,-	Y	N	Y
13		H	40	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
14		H	28	M	-,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	Y
15	Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT)	P + SP + SM	55	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	Y	N	N
16		P + SP + SM	49	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
17		P + SP + SM	44	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Abdominal surgery
18		SP	35	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
19		P	3	M	-,-	-,-	+,-	Y	N	N	Abdominal surgery
20		P	22	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Cirrhosis
21		P + SP + SM	51	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Past peripheral DVT
22		P + SM + IM	47	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
23		P	30	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
24		P + SM	37	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Cirrhosis
25		P + SM	43	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
26		SM	31	M	+,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	APLA
27		P	30	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	Y
28		P + SP + SM	28	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
29		SP	20	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Acute pancreatitis
30		P + SP + SM	62	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
31		P + SP + SM	69	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Cirrhosis, HCC
32		P + SM	49	F	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N
33		P + SP + SM	53	M	+,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N	Polycythemia, APLA
34		P + SP + SM	42	F	-,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	N
35	BCS + SVT	IV + H + P	50	F	-,-	-,-	+,-	N	N	N
36		H + P	25	M	-,-	-,-	-,-	N	N	N

IV: Inferior vena cava; H: Hepatic vein; P: Portal vein; SP: Splenic vein; SM: Superior mesenteric vein; IM: Inferior mesenteric vein; FVL: Factor V Leiden gene; PT: Prothrombin gene; MTHFR: Methyl tetrahydrate folate reductase gene; PrC: Protein C deficiency; PrS: Protein S deficiency; AT III: Antithrombin III deficiency; Y: Yes; N: No; APLA: Antiphospholipid antibody. -,-: Wild type; -,+: Heterozygous mutation.

¹Heterozygous MTHFR gene mutation is not considered a risk factor of thrombosis.

Table 2 Characteristics and risk factors of patients with BCS and SVT

	BCS (n = 14)	SVT (n = 20)	P1
Age: Median (IQR)	39.5 (27.25) yr	42.5 (20.5) yr	0.18
Female	21.4%	40%	0.30
Acute presentation	21.4%	40%	0.30
Hereditary risk factors	35.7%	25%	0.70
Factor V Leyden mutation	14.3%	10%	0.55
Prothrombin gene mutation	0%	0%	-
Homozygous MTHFR gene mutation	0%	0%	-
Protein C deficiency	7.1%	10%	1.0
Protein S deficiency	0%	0%	-
AT III deficiency	21.4%	5%	0.28
Acquired risk factors	7.1%	45%	0.02
No risk factor	57.1%	45%	0.70

¹Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Mann Whitney’s U test for continuous variable.

Table 3 Prevalence of multiple risk factors (inherited and acquired) among patients with BCS and SVT n (%)

Number of risk factors	BCS (n = 14)	SVT (n = 20)	Total (n = 34)
0	8 (57)	9 (45)	17 (50)
1	5 (36)	7 (35)	12 (35)
2	1 (7)	3 (15)	4 (12)
3	-	1 (5)	1 (3)