Risk for colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: Changes, causes and management strategies

Table 1 Risk of colorectal cancer in recent population-based studies

Study	Location	Observed period	UC cohort size	Follow-up (person- years)	CRC	Annual crude incidence (%)	Cumulative incidence at 30 years (%)
North America
Bernstein et al[7]	Manitoba, Canada	1984-1997	2672	19655	36 CRC	0.16	NR
Bernstein et al[7]	Manitoba, Canada	1984-1997	2672	19655	13 rectum	0.06	NR
Jess et al[8]	Olmsted County, USA	1940-2004	378	5567	6	0.10	2
Europe
Winther et al[16]	Copenhagen County, Denmark	1962-1987	1160	22290	13	0.06	2.1
Palli et al[15]	Florence, Italy	1978-1992	689	7877	10	0.12	NR
Lakatos et al[4]	Veszprem, Hungary	1974-2004	723	8564	13	0.15	7.5

NR: Not reported.

Table 2 Summary of studies investigating the chemopreventive effect of sulfasalazine and 5-ASA therapies in ulcerative colitis

Study	Study design	n	Drug studies	Principal outcome
Pinczowski et al[31]	Case-control	298	Sulfasalazine > 3 mo	ORCRC: 0.38 (95% CI, 0.2-0.69) patients administered sulfasalazine
Moody et al[101]	Case-control	175	Sulfasalazine < 6 mo	10-fold elevated risk in non-exposed patients (30% vs 3%)
Eaden et al[40]	Case-control	102	Sulfasalazine, mesalasine regular use	ORCRC: 0.25 (95% CI, 0.13-0.48) in regular users
Lindberg et al[102]	Cohort study	143	Sulfasalazine > 6 mo	Non-significant decrease of risk (34% vs 44%)
Bernstein et al[87]	Case-control	373	5-ASA	Non-significant elevation of risk in patients exposed
Rutter et al[29]	Case-control	204	5-ASA	Non-significant elevation of risk of dysplasia in patients exposed
Rubin et al[90]	Case-control	124	5-ASA > 1.2 g regular use	ORCRC: 0.28 (95% CI, 0.09-0.85) in regular users