Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats

Table 1 The number of fenestrae and portal vein pressures in different groups (n = 11)

Group	The number of fenestrae	Portal vein pressures (mean ± SD) (cmH2O)
Normal state	7.40 ± 1.71d	9.32 ± 0.85d
Cirrhotic state	2.30 ± 1.16	17.92 ± 0.90
Treated group	4.60 ± 1.65a	15.52 ± 0.93a
Blank group	2.10 ± 1.10	17.26 ± 1.80

Paired samples t test. Significant differences are shown both in fenestrae and pressure.

^aP < 0.05 vs Cirrhotic state;

^dP < 0.01 vs Blank group.

Table 2 Angiogenesis-related genes on the angiogenesis microarray

Position	Description	Gene Name
1	A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type I motif, 1	Adamts1
2	Mus musculus a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 mot	Adamts8
3	Angiopoietin	Angiopoietin 1
4	Mus musculus angiopoietin 2 (Agpt2)	Angiopoietin2
5	Angiogenin	ANG
6	CD36 antigen	CD36
7	Cadherin 5	Cadherin 5
8	Chromogranin A	Chromogranin A
9	Procollagen, type XVIII, alpha 1	COL18A1
10	Colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	G-CSF
11	Connective tissue growth factor	Fisp12
12	Endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1	Edg1
13	Mus musculus ephrin A2 (Efna2)	Ephrin A2
14	Ephrin A5	Ephrin A receptor
15	Ephrin B2	Ephrin B2
16	Epidermal growth factor	EGF
17	Epidermal growth factor receptor	EGFR
18	Endoglin	Endoglin
19	Eph receptor B4	Ephrin B4
20	V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian)	Neu/HER2
21	E26 avian leukemia oncogene 1, 5’ domain	Ets-1
22	Mus musculus coagulation factor II (F2)	Prothrombin kringle-1
23	Fibroblast growth factor 1	aFGF
24	Fibroblast growth factor 16	FGF16
25	Fibroblast growth factor 2	bFGF
26	Fibroblast growth factor 4	FGF4
27	Fibroblast growth factor 6	FGF6
28	Fibroblast growth factor 7	FGF7/KGF
29	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	FLG
30	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	FGFR3
31	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	FGFR4
32	C-fos induced growth factor	VEGF-D/FIGF
33	Kinase insert domain protein receptor	VEGFR2/FLK 1
34	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1	VEGFR
35	Mouse fibronectin (FN) mRNA	Fn1
36	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Gro1
37	Hepatocyte growth factor	HGF
38	Hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Hif1a
39	Inhibitor of DNA binding 1	ID1
40	Inhibitor of DNA binding 3	ID3
41	Interferon alpha family, gene 1	IFNA1
42	Interferon beta, fibroblast	IFN-b1
43	Interferon gamma	IFN r
44	Insulin-like growth factor 1	IGF-1
45	Interleukin 10	IL-10
46	Interleukin 12A	IL-12A
47	Integrin alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor alpha)	Integrin a5
48	Integrin alpha V	CD51
49	Integrin beta 3	CD61
50	MAD homolog 1 (Drosophila)	Smad1
51	Midkine	Midkine
52	Matrix metalloproteinase 2	Gelatinase A
53	Matrix metalloproteinase 9	Gelatinase B
54	Macrophage scavenger receptor 1	SR-A
55	Nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	NOS3
56	Neuropilin	Neuropilin
57	Platelet derived growth factor, alpha	PDGF a
58	Platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide	PDGF b
59	Platelet derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide	PDGFRa
60	Platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	PDGFRb
61	Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule	PECAM1
62	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4	PF4
63	Placental growth factor	Placental growth factor
64	Plasminogen activator, urokinase	PLAU
65	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	PTGS1
66	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Cox-2
67	Pleiotrophin	PTN
68	Restin (Reed-Steinberg cell-expressed intermediate filament-associated protein)	Restin
69	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Scya2
70	Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade B, member 5	Maspin
71	Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	PAI-1
72	Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade B, member 2	PAI-2
73	Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade F), member 1	Pedf
74	Secreted acidic cysteine rich glycoprotein	BM-40
75	Secreted phosphoprotein 1	Osteopontin
76	Endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase	Tie-2
77	Transforming growth factor alpha	TGF-a
78	Transforming growth factor, beta 1	TGFb1
79	Transforming growth factor, beta 2	TGF b2
80	Transforming growth factor, beta 3	TGF b3
81	Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I	ALK-5
82	Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II	TGFbR2
83	Transforming growth factor, beta receptor III	Betaglycan
84	Thrombospondin 1	THBS1
85	Thrombospondin 2	THBS2
86	Mus musculus thrombospondin 3 (Thbs-3)	THBS3
87	Mus musculus thrombospondin-4 mRNA	THBS4
88	Tyrosine kinase receptor 1	Tie1
89	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Timp
90	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2	TIMP2
91	Tenascin C	Tenascin C
92	Tumor necrosis factor	TNFa
93	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	VCAM-1
94	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	VEGF/VEGI
95	Vascular endothelial growth factor B	VEGF-B
96	Vascular endothelial growth factor C	VEGF-C

Table 3 Relative abundance of transcripts of VEGF and receptor family members

Gene	Normal state	Cirrhotic state	Treated group	Cirrhotic/normal	Treated/cirrhotic
VEGF-D/FIGF	5.790E-2	1.337E-2	2.936E-1	0.2309	21.950
VEGF-C	1.700E-1	1.099E-1	2.807E-1	0.6467	2.5530
VEGF-B	8.275E-2	5.057E-2	4.079E-1	0.6111	8.0650
VEGF/VEGI	8.344E-3	8.914E-4	2.536E-3	0.1068	2.8450
VEGFR	2.054E+0	2.368E+0	2.237E+0	1.1530	0.9448
VEGFR2/FLK1	1.892E-2	1.586E-1	1.338E-1	8.3800	0.8438