Clinical Research
Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2008; 14(13): 2029-2036
Published online Apr 7, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.2029
Table 1 Counts of cells of innate and adaptive immunity (109/L) and levels of immunoglobulins (g/L) in serum and secretory IgA (g/mL) in saliva in healthy adults (n = 62) at baseline presented as median (IQR)
Placebo (n = 16)LGG (n = 13)Bb12 (n = 16)PJS (n = 17)P value1
Leukocytes4.90 (3.90-7.05)5.20 (4.90-6.40)5.25 (4.60-6.00)4.90 (4.35 -5.70)0.55
Monocytes5.00 (4.25-6.75)5.00 (5.00-6.00)6.00 (5.00-6.00)6.00 (4.50-6.50)0.84
Neutrophils2.05 (1.67-3.72)3.10 (2.50-3.30)2.95 (2.12-3.47)3.10 (2.15-3.45)0.39
Basophils0.05 (0.00-0.10)0.10 (0.00-0.10)0.05 (0.00-0.10)0.00 (0.00-0.10)0.73
Eosinophils4.00 (3.00-5.75)3.00 (2.00-6.00)3.00 (2.25-4.75)2.00 (1.50-3.00)0.077
Lymphocytes38.0 (33.5-48.7)35.0 (31.5-37.5)34.0 (30.0-40.5)31.0 (26.0-40.5)0.24
IgM1.28 (0.97-1.65)0.87 (0.69-1.32)1.10 (0.73-1.66)1.44 (0.80-1.77)0.31
IgG10.7 (9.5-12.2)10.3 (9.3-11.7)10.6 (9.1-12.1)10.4 (8.4-11.7)0.72
IgA2.65 (2.45-3.21)2.42 (2.04-3.44)2.20 (1.73-2.94)2.44 (1.53-2.85)0.22
sIgA0.23 (0.15- 0.34)0.27 (0.14-0.42)0.40 (0.27-0.88)0.28 (0.17-0.49)0.065
Table 2 The effect of a 3-wk probiotic intervention on in vitro cytokine production (pg/mL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Streptococcus pyogenes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli and Influenza A H3N2 virus of healthy adults (n = 62) presented as median AUC0-21 minus baseline (IQR)
Placebo (n = 16)LGG (n = 13)Bb12 (n = 16)PJS (n = 17)P value1Localization
TNF-α
Streptococcus703 (-315-1784)-1883 (-2389-540)-645 (-1843-1403)315 (-1045-1460)0.025LGG vs placebo
Influenza31 (-3-66)6 (-83-84)-27 (-101-37)29 (-39-83)0.32
LPS11 (-16-38)-15 (-31-10)14 (-36-48)-6 (-78-36)0.53
IFN-γ
Streptococcus-19 (-221-97)-10 (-227-284)71 (-161-360)-23 (-223-155)0.6
Influenza117 (29-284)-72 (-221-194)-7 (-436-189)102 (-59-218)0.25
LPSNANANANA
IL-1β
Streptococcus2308 (45-5222)-1324 (-5609-352)444 (-6152-5000)649 (-3412-3747)0.49
Influenza166 (13-478)83 (-183-273)-15 (-817-170 )156 (-75-791)0.69
LPS67 (-29-138)5 (-147-114)51 (-40-122)17 (-43-199)0.66
IL-2
Streptococcus5 (-23-79)-46 (-176-0)1 (-135-97)39 (-105-213)0.33
Influenza25 (-18-42)14 (-51-62)-55 (-162-14)10 (-27-39)< 0.001Bb12 vs others
LPS2 (-18-35)27 (-25-57)1 (-42-51)6 (-35-25)0.54
IL-6
Streptococcus793 (-691-4829)-379 (-3955-397)205 (-2757-1553)175 (-4344-909)0.82
Influenza1530 (166-4632)1288 (-4329-4073)550 (-7178-1905)1644 (-327-3344)0.74
LPS947 (-418-2527)-2189 (-3675-4053)329 (-1949-3950)639 (-1217-1607)0.13
IL-8
Streptococcus240 (-1585-3914)34 (-3066-3143)400 (-3638-2891)132 (-2667-2976)0.96
Influenza-455 (-1966-1670)-193 (-2953-1520)-1675 (-4245 to -601)-1148 (-2550-1707)0.31
LPS-742 (-3384-180)-149 (-1608-1517)-334 (-2692-739)-1111 (-2457-836)0.78
IL-10
Streptococcus907 (263-2149)-4 (-881-2420)452 (-2982-1735)226 (-86-950)0.29
Influenza95 (48-284)-57 (-159-233)4 (-301-130)95 (13-350)0.25
LPS381 (19-602)78 (-298-656)347 (-403-796)187 (28-1440)0.51
IL-12
Streptococcus26 (-18-75)-32 (-99-36)22 (-36-67)35 (-73-172)0.46
Influenza0 (-4-16)7 (-9-30)8 (-19-51)5 (-25-37)0.88
LPS15 (1-36)3 (-7-28)0 (-6-29)0 (-62-20)0.23
Table 3 Detection of individual probiotic genomic DNA from fecal samples by quantitative PCR at baseline and after the 3-wk probiotic intervention in healthy adults (n = 62)
StrainFecal samples
Placebo (n = 16)
LGG (n = 13)
Bb12 (n = 16)
PJS (n = 17)
BaselineAfter interventionBaselineAfter interventionBaselineAfter interventionBaselineAfter intervention
L. rhamnosus GG
Number of subjects171071310569
Mean (SD)24.7 (1.2)5.1 (1.1)5.1 (1.4)8.6 (0.6)5.2 (1.3)4.6 (1.5)4.5 (1.2)5.0 (1.4)
B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12
Number of subjects1655271624
Mean (SD)25.4 (1.6)5.3 (1.7)5.3 (1.4)4.9 (1.3)5.4 (1.6)8.6 (0.5)4.7 (1.1)5.1 (1.6)
P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS
Number of subjects1422244116
Mean (SD)24.5 (1.4)4.0 (0.7)4.1 (0.8)4.0 (0.6)4.4 (1.6)4.2 (0.9)3.8 (0.3)8.3 (1.0)