Protective effects of medical ozone combined with traditional Chinese medicine against chemically-induced hepatic injury in dogs

Table 1 Histological assessment of drug induced acute hepatitis in dogs

Score	Centrilobular necrosis	Inflammation in centrilobular areas
0	None	None
1	Isolated necrotic hepatocytes or single row of hepatocyte drop-out in perivenular areas	Mild: inflammatory infiltrate affecting < 50% centrilobular areas
2	> 1 and up to 3 rows of perivenular necrotic hepatocytes	Moderate: inflammatory infiltrate affecting > 50% and < 75% centrilobular areas
3	> 3 rows of perivenular necrotic hepatocytes with confluent and/or bridging necrosis	Severe: dense inflammatory infiltrate affecting > 75% centrilobular areas

Table 2 Changes of biochemical and hematological indexes of the five groups (Data represents median ± quartile)

Group	Pre-injection	Post-injection CCl4
		Post-24 h	Post-2 d	Post-3 d	Post-4 d	Post-7 d	Post-14 d
ALT/(U/L)
Control	26.00	1156.00	43.50	1018.00	1790.50	1349.50	297.00
	(16.50-33.75)	(245.00-1641.75)	(13.25-4399.75)	(66.00-1970.00)	(1763.00-1818.00)	(1307.00-1392.00)	(244.00-350.00)
OAT	24.50	113.00	95.00	173.00	135.00	465.00a	77.50a
	(17.75-26.25)	(26.50-439.00)	(43.50-427.50)	(61.25-918.50)	(52.50-1390.50)	(109.75-875.00)	(16.00-155.50)
O3	25.50	564.00	474.00	209.00	259.00	139.00a	32.00a
	(12.00-37.25)	(75.00-1054.50)	(132.00-1025.50)	(126.50-1136.00)	(119.00-1377.00)	(57.50-538.00)	(25.00-70.00)
YC	18.00	1310.00c	662.00c	1610.50	1064.50	465.00a	77.50a
	(11.75-52.50)	(919.75-1740.25)	(355.00-2034.50)	(158.75-1682.50)	(235.25-2394.00)	(109.75-875.00)	(16.00-155.50)
O3 + YC	26.50	28.50fh	34.00cfh	33.50adfh	30.50adfh	23.50adfg	12.00adfg
	(20.00-32.75)	(23.50-41.75)	(27.25-40.25)	(27.75-37.75)	(26.50-38.75)	(20.00-36.00)	(3.75-12.50)
AST/ALT
Control		0.78	1.36	5.71	0.06	0.05	0.10
		(0.45-1.38)	(0.28-6.94)	(0.13-11.29)	(0.03-0.09)	(0.03-0.07)	(0.09-0.10)
OAT		0.80	0.49	0.41	0.43	0.57	0.99a
		(0.50-2.97)	(0.17-0.85)	(0.18-0.70)	(0.10-0.77)	(0.15-0.79)	(0.29-1.70)
O3		1.02	0.81	0.45	0.62	0.71a	1.52a
		(0.77-1.35)	(0.38-1.36)	(0.15-0.65)	(0.22-0.94)	(0.33-1.05)	(0.75-2.24)
YC		0.73	1.09	0.43	0.21	0.24	1.00a
		(0.48-1.11)	(0.62-7.86)	(0.26-0.78)	(0.07-0.45)	(0.07-0.87)	(0.20-2.02)
O3 + YC		2.39bfh	2.08df	1.09dfh	1.39adfh	1.43adfg	2.08ac
		(1.56-2.59)	(1.43-2.17)	(1.00-1.70)	(1.26-1.79)	(1.04-1.92)	(1.77-3.79)
TBIL/(μmol/L)
Control	2.10	7.15	9.80	6.65	6.10	4.95	1.80
	(0.18-4.73)	(2.73-31.83)	(6.15-33.85)	(6.60-6.70)	(5.30-6.90)	(4.70-5.20)	(0.60-3.00)
OAT	3.80	5.20	5.30	6.55	3.50a	5.45	3.30
	(0.85-4.70)	(2.50-6.40)	(1.90-14.30)	(3.35-21.15)	(2.05-4.20)	(1.88-10.90)	(1.20-6.08)
O3	1.55	4.30	4.30	3.30	1.90a	2.50a	3.00
	(0.20-4.85)	(2.45-5.65)	(3.05-7.05)	(1.95-6.45)	(1.10-4.35)	(1.85-4.20)	(0.80-4.95)
YC	2.65	3.40	7.00	3.40a	4.45	1.95a	2.70
	(0.35-5.18)	(1.60-26.15)	(2.95-33.65)	(1.15-3.55)	(1.55-5.78)	(0.80-3.93)	(0.98-10.73)
O3 + YC	4.20	1.95ace	1.00bceh	1.45ac	1.30adg	0.85ace	3.50
	(3.83-4.33)	(0.10-2.40)	(0.30-2.38)	(0.80-5.10)	(0.70-1.55)	(0.50-2.13)	(0.50-4.28)
PT/s
Control	6.80	13.20	18.90	12.25	8.70	7.80a	8.55a
	(6.50-13.05)	(8.93-38.93)	(12.40-60.70)	(11.70-12.80)	(8.40-9.00)	(7.60-8.00)	(8.20-8.90)
OAT	6.50	7.20a	7.85a	7.95	6.50	6.50	6.50
	(6.50-7.28)	(6.50-8.35)	(7.60-9.83)	(6.50-9.40)	(6.50-8.70)	(6.50-6.50)	(6.95-7.93)
O3	7.30	8.60	9.50	7.80a	7.30	7.50	7.10a
	(6.95-8.03)	(7.30-11.35)	(8.65-16.35)	(7.50-10.00)	(6.90-8.45)	(7.00-7.70)	(6.80-7.30)
YC	7.70	12.55	9.90	7.40a	7.20	7.55	6.90
	(7.18-8.20)	(8.23-24.75)	(8.70-36.40)	(7.20-10.60)	(6.68-8.70)	(6.68-8.20)	(6.50-8.13)
O3 + YC	7.65	7.25acg	7.40bcfh	7.30a	7.30a	6.85a	7.45a
	(7.35-8.15)	(6.50-8.13)	(7.20-8.65)	(7.18-8.28)	(7.28-7.40)	(6.50-7.50)	(7.03-7.70)
AMMO/(μmol/L)
Control	69.55	96.50	114.80	132.80	143.40	53.00	91.40
	(35.47-106.35)	(53.20-161.33)	(80.90-133.90)	(82.30-183.30)	(67.40-219.40)	(32.50-73.50)	(40.60-142.20)
OAT	41.20	54.70	44.35a	49.85a	55.10a	49.65	33.30
	(35.45-54.50)	(43.70-79.70)	(25.93-83.10)	(38.48-62.28)	(31.35-64.53)	(38.55-75.45)	(13.40-52.50)
O3	49.75	54.70	51.50a	65.70a	48.30	65.40	47.10
	(39.33-62.03)	(52.40-76.65)	(43.00-73.50)	(52.20-72.40)	(44.85-74.05)	(44.50-94.80)	(32.63-63.75)
YC	47.50	53.80	54.70a	55.70	77.35	45.40	45.50
	(34.25-73.23)	(49.45-173.23)	(43.70-79.70)	(45.83-86.95)	(57.63-168.25)	(39.18-97.68)	(23.35-110.85)
O3 + YC	63.50	77.35	55.30a	59.65a	58.40	67.10	41.90
	(15.60-74.78)	(56.73-158.20)	(44.90-69.58)	(41.70-63.45)	(45.95-69.25)	(51.20-93.95)	(37.08-61.48)
BUN/(mmol/L)
Control	3.30	5.50	3.80	2.40	3.60	3.65	5.15
	(2.45-4.45)	(3.85-7.15)	(2.70-6.20)	(1.60-3.20)	(3.10-4.10)	(3.20-4.10)	(1.20-9.10)
OAT	3.85	6.20	4.50	3.70	4.65	3.20	2.75
	(3.53-4.38)	(5.20-8.30)	(4.10-6.25)	(3.25-4.60)	(3.10-7.33)	(2.38-6.65)	(2.10-4.00)
O3	3.75	5.70	5.80	4.00	3.90	2.60	2.60
	(3.18-5.55)	(4.65-8.70)	(4.75-7.05)	(3.20-5.80)	(2.40-6.45)	(1.90-6.35)	(2.20-3.30)
YC	3.50	7.55	4.30	4.10	3.00	2.00	3.20
	(2.88-5.73)	(3.90-13.58)	(3.55-13.00)	(1.98-7.13)	(2.55-6.68)	(1.68-6.75)	(2.83-3.20)
O3 + YC	2.85	3.10deg	3.50e	3.75	3.45	2.20	1.80g
	(2.28-3.65)	(1.50-3.98)	(2.70-4.15)	(2.30-4.68)	(3.30-3.95)	(1.80-3.28)	(1.70-2.40)

^aP < 0.05 vs Control;

^bP < 0.01 vs Control;

^cP < 0.05 vs OAT;

^dP < 0.01 vs OAT;

^eP < 0.05 vs O₃;

^fP < 0.01 vs O₃;

^gP < 0.05 vs YC;

^hP < 0.01 vs YC. ALT of each dog was within the normal level (ALT < 60.0 U/L)[5] pre-injection, and thus the values of AST/ALT made no sense at that time.