Validation of the Rockall scoring system for outcomes from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a Canadian setting

Table 1 Endoscopic findings in the registry of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopy (RUGBE)

Peptic ulcer disease	55.5%
Esophagitis	8.2%
Mallory Weiss	4.4%
Dieulafoy	2.5%
Other	29.4%

Table 2 Observed outcomes of subjects by Rockall score (% of total within score level)

Rockall risk score	Distribution of subjects	Rebleeding	Surgical procedure	Deaths	bLength of hospital stay (d)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	Mean (SD)	Median (IQR)
≤ 2	240 (13)	21 (8.8)	6 (2.5)	0 (0)	3.6 (3.5)	2.9 (1.1-4.7)
3	205 (11)	18 (8.8)	5 (2.4)	3 (1.5)	4.4 (5.9)	3 (2-5.25)
4	359 (19)	49 (13.6)	11 (3.1)	11 (3.1)	5.7 (5.7)	4 (2.3-7)
5	435 (23)	63 (14.5)	17 (3.9)	20 (4.6)	5.9 (6.9)	4 (2.3-7)
6	290 (16)	31 (10.7)	12 (4.1)	24 (8.3)	6.7 (7.9)	4.5 (2.3-8)
7	195 (10)	39 (20)	15 (7.7)	18 (9.2)	6.6 (6.6)	4 (2.3-9)
≥ 8	145 (8)	37 (25.5)	9 (6.2)	24 (16.6)	7.4 (7.9)	5 (3-9)
Total	1869 (100)	258 (14)	75 (4.0)	100 (5.4)	5.7 (6.6)	4 (2-7)
Results for other risk score categories
≤ 2	240 (13)	21 (8.8)	6 (2.5)	0 (0)	3.6 (3.5)	2.9 (1.1-4.7)
3-5	999 (53)	130 (13)	33 (3.3)	34 (3.4)	5.6 (6.3)	4 (2-7)
≥ 6	630 (34)	107 (17)	36 (5.7)	66 (10.5)	7.2 (7.7)	5 (3-9)

11 (0.59%) and 28 (1.5%) values were missing for outcomes of surgical procedure and death, respectively; IQR: Interquartile range (25% centile-75% centile); ^bP = 0.0001, comparison between risk score levels in distribution of length of hospital stay [Kruskal-Wallis test: χ² (7) = 78.7].