Arterial steroid injection therapy can inhibit the progression of severe acute hepatic failure toward fulminant liver failure

Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of patients ( mean ± SD)

	Arterial steroid injection therapy
	Yes	No	Total	P
n	17	17	34
Sex (male/female)	11/6	10/7	21/13	0.7242
Age (yr)	45.1 ± 16.9	44.8 ± 19.0	45.0 ± 17.7	0.9623
Ascites (none/present)	12/5	7/10	19/15	0.0842
Encephalopathy	5/4/3/5	11/0/5/1	16/4/8/6	0.0242
(0/1/2/3)
T.bilirubin (mg/dL)	9.04 ± 9.21	14.48 ± 9.62	11.76 ± 9.67	0.1014
D.bilirubin (mg/dL)	6.15 ± 6.73	9.08 ± 6.71	7.61 ± 6.79	0.2131
D/T bilirubin ratio	0.66 ± 0.06	0.61 ± 0.12	0.64 ± 0.10	0.1785
Albumin (g/dL)	3.55 ± 0.46	3.25 ± 0.32	3.40 ± 0.42	0.0362
ChE (mg/dL)	111.7 ± 40.5	95.4 ± 31.3	103.8 ± 36.7	0.2047
AST (U/L)	5817.5 ± 4223.6	3203.71 ± 2829.2	4510.62 ± 3780.2	0.0530
ALT (U/L)	4056.7 ± 2427.3	3643.71 ± 2677.1	3850.21 ± 2525.0	0.6407
AST/ALT ratio	1.58 ± 1.16	0.99 ± 0.68	1.28 ± 0.98	0.0833
ALP (U/L)	539.5 ± 258.3	517.8 ± 178.0	528.6 ± 218.1	0.7775
γ-GTP (U/L)	336.4 ± 351.2	182.0 ± 182.0	261.5 ± 288.7	0.1228
LDH (U/L)	4349.3 ± 4479.0	1343.3 ± 2553.1	2846.3 ± 3900.6	0.0238
PT-INR	2.50 ± 1.60	2.93 ± 1.92	2.71 ± 1.76	0.4890
Platelet (× 104/μL)	13.9 ± 5.5	11.8 ± 4.2	12.8 ± 4.9	0.2121
AFP (ng/mL)	16.7 ± 27.2	29.6 ± 43.8	23.2 ± 36.5	0.3125
NH3 (μg/dL)	90.5 ± 87.0	63.6 ± 32.2	77.1 ± 66.1	0.2451
BUN (mg/dL)	14.1 ± 10.9	14.8 ± 18.6	14.4 ± 15.0	0.8850
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1.20 ± 1.30	1.16 ± 1.24	1.18 ± 1.25	0.9210
Outcome	13/2/2	4/7/6	17/9/8	0.0085
(Survival/death/LT)

P-values were calculated to compare the patients treated with and without TASIT.

Table 2 Univariate logistic analysis for survival probability

Variables	Estimate	P	Lower 95%	Upper 95%	Odds ratio
Age (50 vs ≤ 50 yr)	-0.6061	0.0912	-0.0802	1.3415	3.3608
Sex (male vs female)	0.1247	0.7244	-0.5708	0.8322	1.2833
Ascites (none vs present)	1.2079	0.0036	0.4465	2.1030	11.1997
Encephalopathy (none vs present)	0	1.0000	-0.6799	0.6799	1
T.Bil (< 8 mg/dL vs ≥ 8)	0.4745	0.4930	-0.8767	1.8627	1.6071
D/T. Bil ratio (> 0.65 vs ≤ 0.65)	0.4884	0.4870	-0.8825	1.9022	1.6296
Albumin (> 3.3 vs ≤ 3.3 g/dL)	1.4816	0.0440	0.0865	3.0029	4.4000
ChE (> 100 vs ≤ 100 mg/dL)	0.8574	0.2306	-0.5244	2.3092	2.3571
AST (> 3500 vs ≤ 3500 U/L)	0.4745	0.4930	-0.8767	1.8627	1.6071
ALT (> 4000 vs ≤ 4000 U/L)	0.9628	0.1735	-0.3993	2.4025	2.6190
AST/ALT ratio (> 1 vs ≤ 1)	0.2356	0.7317	-1.1151	1.6042	1.2656
LDH (> 600 vs ≤ 600 U/L)	1.2122	0.0912	-0.1603	2.6831	3.3608
PT-INR (> 2 vs ≤ 2)	1.4816	0.0440	0.0865	3.0029	20.1446
Platelet (>12 × 104/μL vs ≤ 12 × 104)	1.7509	0.0200	0.3335	3.3197	5.7600
AFP (< 5 vs ≥ 5 ng/mL)	0.2356	0.7317	-1.1151	1.4616	1.2656
NH3 (< 55 vs ≥ 55 μg/mL)	0.2356	0.7317	-1.1151	1.6042	1.2656
BUN (< 10 vs ≥ 10 mg/dL)	0.2356	0.7317	-1.1151	1.6042	1.2656
Etiology
HBV (vs HAV)	0.3269	0.5761	-0.8196	1.5405	1.9230
Others (vs HAV)	0.1446	0.7567	-0.7763	1.0744	1.3354
TASIT (yes vs no)	1.1787	0.0036	0.4311	2.0387	10.5624

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis using stepwise variable selection

Variables	Estimate	P	Lower 95%	Upper 95%	Odds ratio
TASIT (done)	1.6535	0.0076	0.6220	3.2312	27.3009
Platelet (< 12 × 104/μL)	2.6871	0.0261	0.6450	5.7805	14.6895
PT-INR (< 1.0)	1.8711	0.0687	-0.0119	4.1505	6.4953