An unusual cause of hematemesis: Goiter

Table 1 Case reports on bleeding downhill varices associated with thyroid pathology

Year	Author	Aetiology	SVCO	Treatment	Outcome
1960	Sundermann and Kämmerer[5]	Recurrent goiter	No	Thyroidectomy	Barium swallow after six years: disappearance of varices
1976	Barber et al[6]	Goiter	No	Thyroidectomy	Endoscopy after four months:
					disappearance of varices
1978	Johnson et al[7]	Carcinoma	Yes	Thyroidectomy	Barium swallow after two months: disappearance of varices
1982	Fleig et al[8]	Recurrent goiter	No	Sengstaken-Blakemore tube	Endoscopy after two weeks:
					still varices
1982	Kelly et al[9]	Goiter	No	Thyroidectomy	Venogram after one month:
					disappearance of varices
1986	Takahashi et al[10]	Recurrent goiter	No	Thyroidectomy	Thyroid arteriography after three weeks: disappearance of varices
1998	Tsokos et al[11]	Recurrent goiter	No	Sclerotherapy	Death caused by pulmonary embolism of cyanoacrylate used for sclerotherapy
					Endoscopy and venography after 4 mo:
2006	Bédard and Deslauriers[12]	Posterior mediastinal goiter	Yes	Resection of mediastinal mass	disappearance of varices and SVCO syndrome
2006	van der Veldt et al	Recurrent goiter	No	Thyroidectomy	Endoscopy and CT angiography after twelve months: almost complete disappearance of varices
	current report

SCVO: Superior vena cava obstruction.