Usefulness of duodenal biopsy during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for diagnosis of celiac disease

Table 1 Prevalence of celiac disease in 1009 duodenal biopsies performed during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

	Number	CD n (%)	95% CI
Study population	1009	22 (2.2)	1.4-3.3
Period:
1990-1994	58	2 (3.4)	0.6-13.0
1995-1999	258	8 (3.1)	1.5-6.3
2000-2004	693	12 (1.7)	0.9-3.1
Gender:
Female	600	18 (3)	1.8-4.8
Male	409	4 (1)	0.3-2.7
Age (yr):
14-34	136	3 (2.2)	0.6-6.8
35-54	309	11 (3.6)b	1.9-6.5
55-74	365	7 (1.9)	0.8-4.1
≥ 75	199	1 (0.5)	0.03-3.2
Patient subgroups:
Anemia	514	14 (2.7)	1.6-4.6
Diarrhoea	141	12 (8.5)d	4.7-14.7
Anemia plus diarrhoea	42	8 (19)f	9.1-34.6

^bP < 0.01 (35-54 yr vs≥ 75 yr);

^dP < 0.01 (diarrhea vs anemia);

^fP < 0.0001 (anemia plus diarrhoea vs anemia).

Table 2 Clinical and immune-histological characteristics of celiac patients

Gender
Female	18 (81.8%)
Male	4 (18.2%)
Age (yr)	50 (19-77)
Clinical characteristics
Malabsorption syndrome	12 (54.5%)
Anemia	14 (63.6%)
Dermatitis herpetiformis	5 (22.7%)
Abnormal liver function test	7 (31.8%)
Celiac relatives	2 (9.1%)
Histology (Marsh type):
I	3 (13.6%)
II	1 (4.5%)
III	18 (81.8%)
Serology1
AGA	13 (86.7%)
EMA	17 (89.5%)
TTG	8 (88.9%)
HLA-DQ22	18 (100%)
Autoimmune associated diseases3	2 (9.1%)
Mortality4	2 (9.1%)

n (%) are shown for categorical variables, while the median (range) is shown for age.

¹Serological analysis was performed using antigliadin (AGA) in 15, anti-endomysium (EMA) in 19 and tissue-trans-glutaminase antibodies (TTG) in 9 patients;

²Genetic study was performed in 18 patients;

³Addison disease (1) and juvenile arthritis (1);

⁴Stroke (1) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1).