CCR5Δ32 mutation does not influence the susceptibility to HCV infection, severity of liver disease and response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Table 1 Demographic profile of patients with chronic HCV infection and healthy controls

	Patients(n = 252)	Patients(Only genotype 3)(n = 187)	Healthycontrols(n = 408)
Age (yr)
Mean ± SD	40 ± 14	40 ± 14	33 ± 7
Male: Female	164:88	118:69	297:111
ALT (IU/L)
Mean	112.3 ± 68.4	116 ± 70.1	29 ± 2
Range	(32-330)	(32-330)
S. Albumin (g/L)	36 ± 4	34 ± 5	40 ± 3
HCV genotype (n = 209)
I	17 (8.1%)		-
II	1 (0.5%)
III	187 (89.4%)		-
IV	4 (1.5%)		-
Liver Biopsy
Fibrosis score	2 ± 1	2 ± 1.2	-
HAI	5.5 ± 2.4	5.6 ± 2.5	-
Mode of Acquisition of HCV
Blood transfusion	86		-
Needle stick injury	54		-
Intravenous drug use	10		-
Medical procedure	45		-
Unclear	57

Table 2 Allele frequency of CCR5 variants in chronic HCV patients and healthy controls

CCR5	HCV Patients(n = 252)	Healthy Controls(n = 408)	P value
Wt/wt	247 (98%)	405 (99.3%)	0.07
Δ32mt carrier	5 (1.9%)	3 (0.7%)	0.3
Wt/Δ32	3 (1.2%)	3 (0.7%)	0.2
aΔ32mt/Δ32mt	2 (0.7%)	-	0.1

^aThe patients were genotype 1.

Table 3 Correlation of Immune Gene Polymorphism and histological severity of HCV Related Liver Disease in Univariate analysis

Liver histology	CCR5-Genotype			P
	wt/wt	wt/Δ32	Δ32/Δ32
Fibrosis
≤ 2 (n = 162)	154 (98%)	1 (0.6%)	2 (1.2%)
> 2 (n = 90)	88 (97.8%)	2 (1.2%)	0	NS
HAI
≤ 5 (n = 162)	170 (98.3%)	1 (0.6%)	2 (1.2%)
> 5 (n = 90)	77 (97.5%)	2 (2.5&)	0	NS

Table 4 Response patterns in HCV patients genotyped for CCR5

Response		CCR5-Genotype			P
		wt/wt	wt/Δ32	Δ32/Δ32
IFN+ Riba/ Peg IFN+ Rib	Responders	86	1	-	NS
	Non-responders	34	1	-	NS
	Relapsers	7	-	-	NS

Table 5 Analysis of published data in chronic HCV patients genotyped for CCR5Δ32 mutation

Authors	Susceptibility	Histological Severity	Response to therapy	Genotype	Patients studied (n)
Ahlensteil G et al[27,28]	Yes	Not mentioned	Lower ETR1	Genotype 1 Genotype 2	59 3
				Genotype 3	9
				Genotype 4	3
				Undetermined	4
Glas J et al[29]	No	Not mentioned	No	Genotype 1/4	37
				Genotype 2/3	25
Goulding C et al[26]	2Spontaneous viral clearance	2Lower hepatic inflammation	Not mentioned	Genotype 1b	283
Hellier et al[13]	No	Decreased portal inflammation	No	Stratification not mentioned
Konishi et al[30]	No	No	No	Serotype 1	53
				Serotype 2	48
				Serotype 1 + 2	4
Mascheretti et al[31]	No	No	No	Genotype 1	358
				Genotype 2	14
				Genotype 3	79
				Genotype 4	14
Promrat et al[12]	No	No	No	Genotype 1	243
				Genotype 2	34
				Genotype 3	16
				Genotype 4	3
				Genotype 5	1
				Undetermined	42
Wald et al[32]	No	Significantly reduced	Not mentioned	Genotype 1	5
				Genotype 2	2
				Genotype 3	9
				Undetermined	31
Wasmuth et al[33]	No	No	No	Genotype 1	213
				Non-Genotype 1	117
Woitas et al[11]	Yes	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Genotype 1	95
				Genotype 2	16
				Genotype 3	10
				Genotype 4	6
				Multiple genotype	5
				Undetermined	2
Present study Goyal et al	No	No	No	Genotype 1	16
				Genotype 2	1
				Genotype 3	161
				Genotype 4	4
				Undetermined	70

¹ All analysis mentioned w.r.t the CCR5Δ32 carriers.

² Heterozygotes for CCR5Δ32 mutation.