Anti-inflammatory effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate in a rat model of ulcerative colitis

Table 1 Morphologic injury scoring system

Morphologic injuries	Score
Local edema and congestion without ulcer	1
One ulcer without congestion or thick colonic wall	2
One ulcer with inflammation	3
Two ulcers, lesion diameter less than 1 cm	4
More than two ulcers with or without inflammation, lesion diameter 1-2 cm	5
Lesion diameter over 2 cm, one more score for one additional 1 cm increasing diameter	6-8

Table 2 Histological scoring system

Histological changes	Score
Normal colonic mucosa	0
Cryptal defect less than 1/3	1
Cryptal defect 1/3-2/3	2
Slight inflammatory infiltration in proper lamina	3
Mucosal erosion or ulcer with significant inflammatory infiltration	4

Table 3 DAI, morphologic injury, histological changes, and MPO activity in rats assigned to the different treatment groups

Group	DAI	injury	Morphologic	Histological MPO activity
			changes	(U/g tissue)
DG	3.10 ± 0.54b,d,f	2.80 ± 0.76b,d,f	3.22 ± 0.88b,d,f	0.67 ± 0.06b,d,f
Dexamethasone	1.90 ± 0.43b,d	1.70 ± 0.54b,d	1.76 ± 0.59b,d	0.38 ± 0.05b,d
Acetic acid control	6.70 ± 0.84b	6.30 ± 0.95b	5.96 ± 0.97b	1.32 ± 0.09b
Normal control	0.60 ± 0.38	0.60 ± 0.52	0.74 ± 0.56	0.19 ± 0.05

^bP < 0.01, vs Normal control group; ^dP < 0.01, vs Acetic acid control group; ^fP < 0.01, vs Dexamethasone group.

Table 4 Expression of TNF-a ,ICAM-1 and NF-kB p65 in injured colon

Group	TNF-α		ICAM-1		NF-κB p65
	Percentage	Density	Percentage	Density	Percentage	Density
DG	32.2 ± 8.2bdf	37.3 ± 7.0bdf	34.3 ± 8.2bdf	36.1 ± 6.1bdf	23.3 ± 5.2bdf	31.2 ± 7.8bdf
Dexamethasone 18.7 ± 5.7bd 18.5 ± 5.2bd 15.5 ± 4.3bd 17.6 ± 4.9bd	17.9 ± 5.6bd	19.0 ± 5.2bd	18.7 ± 5.7bd	18.5 ± 5.2bd	15.5 ± 4.3bd	17.6 ± 4.9bd
Acetic acid control ± 8.3b 70.7 ± 9.7b 44.5 ± 8.9b 51.5 ± 9.8b	52.5 ± 9.1b	74.1 ± 9.5b	60.2 ± 8.3b	70.7 ± 9.7b	44.5 ± 8.9b	51.5 ± 9.8b
Normal control 9.1 ± 4.4   9.4 ± 4.9 7.6 ± 4.1 8.1 ± 4.2	7.6 ± 5.7	9.0 ± 4.8	9.1 ± 4.4	9.4 ± 4.9	7.6 ± 4.1	8.1 ± 4.2

^bP < 0.01, vs Normal control group;

^dP < 0.01, vs Acetic acid control group;

^fP < 0.01, vs Dexamethasone group.