A population-based follow-up study on gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen, Taiwan

Table 1 Attendance rate of gallstone disease screening among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

Variable		Eligible population	Screened population	Attendance rate
		n	n	(%)
Sex
	Male	167	121	72.5
	Female	210	160	76.2
Age (yr)
	40-49	43	33	76.7
	50-59	87	56	64.4
	60-69	134	111	82.8
	70+	113	81	71.7
Total		377	281	74.5

Table 2 Sex- and age-specific incidence of gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

Variable		Incidence of any gallstone disease
		No. of no GSD at first screening	New cases	Incidence density (% per year) (95%CI)
Sex
	Male	121	2	1.65
				(0.03-5.10)
	Female	160	8	5
				(2.29-9.31)
P-value				0.12
Age (yr)
	40-49	33	0	0
				(-)
	50-59	56	2	3.57
				(0.06-11.03)
	60-69	111	4	3.6
				(1.12-8.37)
	70+	81	4	4.94
				(1.53-11.47)
P-value				0.04
Total		281	10	3.56
				(1.78-6.24)

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for the development of gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

Variables	Development of gallstone disease
	Yes	No	P value	Definitions of
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	for t test	disease condition
Age (yr)	69.90 ± 8.79	63.11 ± 10.72	0.04	-
Duration of diabetes (yr)	9.60 ± 0.84	9.44 ± 1.59	0.59	-
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	148.50 ± 18.45	144.94 ± 39.35	0.58	≥ 126 mg/dL
HbA1c (%)	8.19 ± 0.93	8.33 ± 2.05	0.69	≥ 7%
Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)	152.49 ± 13.91	145.08 ± 16.35	0.16	≥ 140 mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	89.55 ± 9.40	86.74 ± 9.52	0.36	≥ 90 mmHg
Body mass index (Kg/m2)	26.57 ± 1.07	25.36 ± 2.87	0.01	≥ 27 kg/m2
Waist circumference (cm)	89.74 ± 7.95	85.23 ± 7.52	0.000	≥ 90 cm for males or ≥ 80 cm for females
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	220.09 ± 20.57	210.99 ± 26.82	0.000	≥ 200 mg/dL
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	178.50 ± 38.95	144.28 ± 66.72	0.11	≥ 200 mg/dL
AST (U/L)	25.40 ± 6.95	22.40 ± 8.15	0.01	≥ 40 U/L
ALT (U/L)	31.36 ± 9.34	22.39 ± 10.28	0.01	≥ 40 U/L
Uric acid (mg/dL)	6.07 ± 1.20	5.94 ± 1.29	0.76	≥ 7 mg/dL for males or ≥ 6 mg/dL for females

Table 4 Cox regression model of risk factors associated with the development of gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

Variables	Development of gallstone disease (yes vs no)
	Relative risk	(95% CI)
Sex (female vs male)	2.60	0.52-13.11
Age (yr)	1.07	1.00-1.14
Body mass index (Kg/m2)	1.03	0.57-1.34
Waist circumference (cm)	1.12	1.01-1.29
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.01	0.98-1.03
AST (U/L)	0.91	0.77-1.07
ALT (U/L)	1.13	1.01-1.26