In vitro screening of traditionally used medicinal plants in China against Enteroviruses

Table 1 In vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activity of 16 traditionally used medicinal plants in China

Infusion	Used part	Antiviral activity
		Viral inactivation	Inhibition of adsorption	Inhibition of replication
Arctium lappa L.	Seeds	+++	+	+
Belam anda chinensis (L.) DC	Stem and root	+++	+	+
Cyrtomium fortunei J. sm.	Stem	++++	+++	+++
Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.	Root	+++	+	+
Ephedra Sinica stapf	Stem	++++	+	++
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.	Stem and leaf	+++	+	+
Herba patriniae.	Whole grass	+++	+	+
Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kostem.	Root	+++	+	+
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb) Sw.	Seeds	+++	+	+
Paeonia lactiftora Pall.	Root	+++	+	++
Paeonia veitchii Lynch	Root	++++	+	++
Plantago asiatica L.	Seeds	+++	+	+
Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Reld.et.Wils	Stem	++++	+++	+++
Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.	Root	++++	+	++
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn	Stem	++++	+++	+++
Terminalia chebula Retz	Seeds	+++	+	+

++++: the strongest antiviral activity; +++: strong antiviral activity; ++: the modest antiviral activity; +: the weak antiviral activity; -: no antiviral activity.

Table 2 EC₅₀ and selectivity index of five traditionally used medicinal plants in China

Infusion	CC50 (mg/L)	Viruses
		Coxsackie virus B3		Coxsackie virus B5		Echo virus 9		Echo virus 29		Polio virus I
		EC50 (mg/L)	SI	EC50 (mg/L)	SI	EC50 (mg/L)	SI	EC50 (mg/L)	SI	EC50 (mg/L)	SI
Guanidine Sargentodoxa	> 1000.0	35.4	28.2	36.7	27.3	18.6	53.8	33.2	30.1	67.8	14.7
Cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd.et Wils	> 500.0	51.2	9.8	29.1	17.2	12.8	39.1	28.2	17.7	43.2	11.6
Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.	> 125.0	19.2	6.5	77.5	1.6	6.3	19.8	23.2	5.4	14.9	8.4
Paeonia veitchii Lynch.	> 500.0	115.3	4.3	86.2	5.8	43.5	11.5	65.3	7.7	136.8	3.7
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.	> 250.0	60.8	4.1	47.1	5.3	14.8	16.9	65.5	3.8	29.1	8.6
Cyrtomium fortuntei J. sm.	> 250.0	64.9	3.9	66.2	3.8	13.6	18.4	44.2	5.7	52.8	4.7