Immune therapy including dendritic cell based therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Table 1 Role of immune responses in chronic HBV carrier

	HBV carriers	Possible causes
A: Acquisition of chronic State	A: Neonates of HBV- carrier mothers	Inability to induce HBV- specific immunity
	B: Immune suppressed Individuals
B: Induction and Progression of Hepatitis	Chronic hepatitis B	Accumulation of non-specific lymphocytes
C: Recovery from chronic HBV infection	A: Natural recovery	A: Strong and multispecific
	B: Acute hepatitis	HBV-related immune
	C: By antiviral drugs	responses
		B: Antiviral therapy effective in immune modulatory phase

Table 2 Vaccine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The criteria of response to this therapy have been determined by individual investigators

Protocol	Response	Reference
HBsAg/pre S2, 3 times	Responders:	Pol et al[20]
	12 of 32 (38%)
HBsAg/anti-HBs vaccine;	Responders:	Wen et al[21]
3 times	9 of 15 (60%)
PreS2/S, 3 times	Responders:	Pol et al[22]
(controlled trial)	18.8%
HBsAg; 12 times	Responders	Horiike et al[23]
	(1 yr: 55%, 2 yr: 77%)
PreS2 vaccine; 3 times	Responders: 60%	Senturk et al[24]
S/pre S2; 6 times	Decreased HBV DNA	Ren et al[25]
HBsAg/preS2; 3 times	Immune tolerant phage:	Dikici et al[26]
	no significant change
PreS2; 3 times	anti-HBs; 3 of 31 cases	Yalcin et al[27]
Combination of lamivudine	HBV DNA negativation	Horiike et al[28]
and HB vaccine	in all 15 cases at 1 yr