Proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance and its regulation in carcinogenesis

Table 1 Proteases participating in degradation of ECM components.

Protease family	Protease	Protease function	Protease inhibitors
Aspartyl protease	Cathepsin D	Degradation of ECM components
		Conversion of cysteine procathepsins into cathepsins
Cysteine proteases	Cathepsins B, L, H, K	Degradation of ECM components	Cystatins, stefins, kininogen
		Conversion of pro-MMPs into MMPs
Serine proteases	Plasmin	Degradation of ECM components	α2-antiplasmin,
		Activation of uPA	α2-macroglobulin
		Conversion of inactive elastase into elastase
	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)	Conversion of plasminogen into plasmin	PAI-1, 2, 3
	Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)	Conversion of plasminogen into plasmin
Neutrophil serine proteases	Elastase	Degradation of ECM components	α2-antiplasmin
	Cathepsin G		α2-macroglobulin
			secretory leukoprotease inhibitor
Matrix metalloproteinases		Degradation of collagens and other ECM proteins	TIMP-1, 2, 3, 4
		Activation another pro-MMPs into MMPs	α2-macroglobulin
		Degradation of collagens: I, II, III, VII, X and
	Collagenases [MMP-1, 8, 13]	gelatins
		Degradation of proteoglycans, laminin, gelatins,
	Stromelysins [MMP-3, 10]	collagens III, IV, V, IX, fibronectin, entactin, SPARC,
		collagenases-1
		Degradation of gelatins, collagens: I, IV, V, VII, X,
	Gelatinases [MMP-2, 9]	fibronectin, elastin, procollagenase-3
		Degradation of collagen I, II, III, gelatins, aggrecan,
		fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, MMP-2,13, tenascin,
	Membrane-type [MMP-14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25]	nidogen
		Degradation of proteoglycans, laminin, fibronectin,
		gelatins, collagens IV, elastin, entactin, tenascin, a1
	Others [MMP-7, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23]	-antiproteinase, amelogenin