Helicobacter pylori infection and low serum pepsinogen I level as risk factors for gastric carcinoma

Table 1 Final diagnoses of 108 control patients.

Diagnosis	Number of patients	H pylori-positive (H pylori+ and/or CagA+) patients (%)
Non-ulcer gastrointestinal bleeding	26	15 (58)
Esophagitis	23	12 (52)
Dyspepsia	21	11 (52)
Gastric ulcer	14	12 (86)
Barrett's esophagus	7	2 (29)
Duodenal ulcer	4	3 (75)
Benign gastrointestinal tumor	4	2 (50)
Others	9	5 (56)
All	108	62 (57)

Table 2 Number (%) of H pylori (H pylori+), CagA (CagA+) and H pylori+ and/or CagA+ persons in 143 gastric cancer patients and 108 controls.

	Cancer patients n (%)	Controls n (%)	P(χ2-test)
H pylori+	101 (70.6)	42 (38.9)	<0.001
CagA+	120 (83.9)	55 (50.9)	<0.001
H pylori+ and/or CagA +	127 (88.8)	62 (57.4)	<0.001

Table 3 Characteristics of 11 non-cardia cancer patients who did not show any evidence of previous H pylori infection (H pylori- and CagA-).

Case	Age (yr)	Sex	SPGI	PCA	Histological type of cancer	Tumor stage
1	54	Male	Normal	Normal	Intestinal	4
2	65	Male	Normal	Normal	Intestinal	4
3	76	Male	Normal	Normal	Intestinal	4
4	62	Female	Normal	Normal	Diffuse	1
5	75	Female	Low	Normal	Diffuse	2
6	44	Female	Normal	Normal	Diffuse	3
7	32	Female	Normal	Elevated	Diffuse	4
8	54	Male	Normal	Normal	Diffuse	4
9	69	Female	Normal	Normal	Diffuse	4
10	77	Male	Low	Elevated	Diffuse	4
11	78	Female	Normal	Normal	Diffuse	4

Table 4 Effect of tumor stage on the prevalence of H pylori (H pylori+) and CagA (CagA+) antibodies in 126 non-cardia gastric cancer patients.

	Stage 1 (%) (n=31)	Stage 2 (%) (n=10)	Stage 3 (%) (n=30)	Stage 4 (%) (n=55)
H pylori+	80.6	70	73.3	67.3
CagA+	90.3	80	93	81.8
H pylori+ and/or CagA +	96.8	90	96.7	85.5

Table 5 Odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of risk factors for the development of gastric cancer.

	All gastric cancers	Non-cardia cancers only	Patients aged <55 yr1	Patients aged >55 yr2
Low SPGI	12.0 (4.1-35.3)	12.5 (4.2-37.4)	NS	16.4 (2.1-128.8)
PCA+	NS	NS	NS	NS
H pylori+ and/or CagA+	5.0 (2.5-10.0)	6.8 (3.1-14.8)	16.7(3.1-88.7)	3.1 (1.2-8.0)

NS= not significant. ¹38 cancer patients <55 yr were compared to 40 age-matched controls. ²105 cancer patients >55 yr were compared to 68 age-matched controls.

Table 6 Odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of risk factors for intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer.

	Intestinal type (n = 61)	Diffuse type (n = 81)
Low SPGI	27.7 (8.5-89.5)	8.2 (2.5-27.0)
PCA+	NS	NS
H pylori+ and/or CagA+	4.1 (1.5-10.7)	6.0 (2.6-13.9)

NS = not significant.