Review
Copyright ©2005 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2005; 11(47): 7391-7400
Published online Dec 21, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i47.7391
Table 1 Major etiologies of HCC
Chronic viral hepatitis B, C, D
Toxins (e.g., alcohol, aflatoxins)
Hereditary metabolic liver diseases (e.g., hereditary hemochromatosis,
α-1-antitrypsin deficiency)
Autoimmune hepatitis
Overweight, especially in males, and diabetes mellitus; nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Table 2 Okuda stages I-III of HCC
Tumor mass<50% of liver≥50% of liver
AscitesNoYes
Albumin (g/L)>3 ≤3
Bilirubin (mg/dL)<3≥3
Points01
Stage I0 points
Stage II1-2 points
Stage III3-4 points
Table 3 Drugs evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with HCC
5-Fluorouracil
Capecitabine
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Etoposide
Cisplatin
Gemcitabine
Mitoxantrone
Interferon alpha
Megestrol acetate
Tamoxifen
Octreotide
Thalidomide
Thymophysin
α-1-thymosin