Sonographic fatty liver, overweight and ischemic heart disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of middle-aged male workers in Taiwan from a periodic health examination (mean±SD, n = 2 025)

Risk factor	Value	Range
Age (yr)	40.5±9.9	22.0-63.0
Height (cm)	169.6±6.3	150.1-191.1
Body weight (kg)	70.9±10.6	42.8-121.9
BMI (body mass index) (kg/m2)	24.6±3.3	15.6-40.6
Systolic blood pressure (kPa)	17.1±2.2	11.7-27.5
Diastolic blood pressure (kPa)	10.6±1.6	6.7-17.3
Fasting sugar (mmol/L)	5.7±1.1	3.0-24.5
Cholesterol total (mmol/L)	5.1±0.9	2.6-9.3
Cholesterol HDL (mmol/L)	1.3±0.3	0.2-4.0
Cholesterol LDL (mmol/L)	3.3±0.8	1.2-7.1
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	17.1±13.9	3.1-171.1
ECG with ischemic changes (n, %)	347	-17.1
Fatty liver (n, %)	597	-29.5
Overweight (n, %)	839	-41.4
Smoking (n, %)	702	-34.7
Alcohol use (n, %)	444	-21.9

Table 2 Assessment of risk factors stratified according to severity of fatty liver (FL)

	n = 2 205
Risk factors	Non FL 1 428 (70.5%)	Mild FL 294 (14.5%)	Moderate FL 228 (11.3%)	Severe FL 75 (3.7%)
Age (yr)	39.8±9.9	41.8±9.9a	42.7±9.4c	42.6±9.5e
BMI (body mass index) (kg/m2)	23.9±3.1	25.0±2.6a	26.9±2.7c	29.0±3.1e
Systolic blood pressure (kPa)	16.9±2.2	17.2±2.1a	17.5±2.2c	18.3±2.6e
Diastolic blood pressure (kPa)	10.5±1.6	10.6±1.4a	10.9±1.5c	11.4±1.7e
Fasting sugar (mmol/L)	5.6±1.0	5.8±1.2a	6.0±1.5c	6.1±1.6e
Cholesterol total (mmol/L)	5.0±0.9	5.2±0.9a	5.3±0.9c	5.3±0.9e
Cholesterol HDL (mmol/L)	1.3±0.3	1.2±0.2a	1.1±0.2c	1.1±0.2e
Cholesterol LDL (mmol/L)	3.3±0.8	3.5±0.8a	3.4±0.8c	3.4±0.9e
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	15.0±11.1	18.2±13.1a	26.3±20.9c	27.3±22.3e
ECG with ischemic changes (n, %)	191 (13.4)	67 (22.8)a	64 (28.1)c	25 (33.3)e
Overweight (n, %)	457 (32.0)	143 (48.6)a	170 (74.6)c	69 (92.0)e
Smoking (n, %)	491 (34.4)	106 (36.1)	84 (36.8)	21 (28.0)
Alcohol usea (n, %)	304 (21.3)	73 (24.8)	54 (23.7)	13 (17.3)

^aP<0.05 vs non FL group;

^cP<0.05 vs non FL group;

^eP<0.05 vs non FL group.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the risk factors for IHD

Risk factors	Odds ratio	95% CI
Age (yr)	0.99	0.97-1.00
Systolic blood pressure	1.01a	1.003-1.03
Diastolic blood pressure	0.99	0.97-1.01
Fasting sugar	1	1.00-1.006
Cholesterol total	0.99	0.98-1.007
Cholesterol HDL	1.01	1.00-1.03
Cholesterol LDL	1.01	0.99-1.02
Triglyceride	1	1.00-1.003
Overweight	1.32a	1.01-1.73
Fatty liverb
Mild fatty liver	1.88a	1.37-2.60
Moderate fatty liver	2.37a	1.66-3.37
Severe fatty liver	2.76d	1.62-4.72
Smoking	0.85	0.65-1.10
Alcohol consumption	1.054	0.79-1.41

^aP<0.05 vs Non FL group;

^bP<0.001 vs Non FL group;

^dP <0.0001 vs Non FL group.

Table 4 Odds ratio for IHD stratified according to fatty liver (FL) and overweight status

	Non-overweight (n = 1 186)		Overweight (n = 839)
	Non-FL (n = 970)	FL (n = 216)	Non-FL (n = 458)	FL (n = 381)
Ischemic ECG (%)	125 (12.9)	41 (19.1)	66 (14.4)	115 (30.1)
1OR (95%CI)	1.0a (-)	1.60c (1.07-2.39)	1.11 (0.78-1.56)	2.95b (2.31-4.09)

^aP<0.05 vs overweight and fatty, adjusted for age, blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid profile;

^bP<0.001 vs non-overweight and non-FL group;

^cP<0.05 vs non-overweight and non-FL group;

¹OR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.