Vitamin D receptor gene Tru9I polymorphism and risk for incidental sporadic colorectal adenomas

Table 1 Selected characteristics of cases and controls, MAP study, 1994-1997¹

	Cases (n = 171)	Controls (n = 220)	P1
Demographic factors
Age (yr)2	58.4 (8.4)	55.8 (10.2)	0.006
Male (%)	60	36	<0.001
White (%)	89	89	0.98
College education (%)	19	23	0.38
Major risk factors
Family history of colon cancer (%)	14	31	<0.001
Currently smoke cigarettes (%)	30	20	0.02
Currently drink alcohol (%)	75	55	<0.001
NSAID3 use (%)	19	30	0.007
Dietary intakes
Total energy (kcal/d)	2 010 (30)	2 169 (1 999)	0.27
Total fat (g/d)	71.3 (39.9)	72.6 (65.9)	0.8
Total meat (serve/wk)	4.4 (1.4)	4.5 (1.4)	0.57
Total fruits and vegetables (serve/wk)	6.1 (3.6)	7.4 (10.2)	0.09
Total calcium (mg/d)	736 (406.6)	871 (757)	0.02
Total vitamin D (IU/d)	315 (258.2)	359 (374)	0.16
Total folate (mg/d)	416.7 (241.6)	467 (402)	0.12
Total alcohol (g/d)	7.4 (15.1)	4.8 (20.8)	0.14

¹Adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, history of colon cancer in a first degree relative, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, current smoking status, and total calcium and alcohol intakes;

²mean±SD presented unless otherwise indicated, except for age, all other means are age adjusted; ³non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 2 Frequencies of VDR Tru9I genotypes and associations with incident sporadic colorectal adenomas (MAP study), 1994-1997

VDR Tru9I genotype	Cases (n = 171)		Controls (n = 220)			Adjusted OR1	95%CI2
	n	%	n	%
UU	144	84.2	171	77.8		1
Uu	23	13.5	45	20.4		0.88	(0.17-4.55)3
uu	4	2.3	4	1.8		0.69	(0.38-1.25)
Uu+uu	27	15.8	49	22.2		0.71	(0.40-1.25)
P-trend					0.24

¹Odds ratio;

²95% confidence interval;

³adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, history of colon cancer in a first degree relative, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, current smoking status, and total calcium and alcohol intake.

Table 3 Age-, sex-adjusted associations of VDR Tru9I genotypes and risk for incident sporadic colorectal adenomas according to adenoma characteristics, MAP Study, 1994-1997

Adenoma characteristics	Tru9I genotypes
	UU		Uu+uu
	Cases/controls (n)	OR1/95%CI2	Cases/controls (n)	OR/95%CI
Multiplicity
1	85/171	1.00	20/49	0.88 (0.48-1.60)
>1	59/171	1.00	7/49	0.51 (0.21-1.24)
Shape
Sessile	51/171	1.00	5/49	0.36 (0.13-0.97)
Pedunculated	97/171	1.00	22/49	0.93 (0.51-1.68)
Size (cm)3
<1.0	111/171	1.00	24/49	0.84 (0.47-1.49)
≥1.0	33/171	1.00	3/49	0.37 (0.11-1.28)
Dysplasia4
Mild	73/171	1.00	15/49	0.79 (0.41-1.53)
≥Moderate	71/171	1.00	12/49	0.68 (0.33-1.41)
Morphology5
Tubular	131/171	1.00	27/49	0.80 (0.46-1.38)
Any villous	13/171	1.00	0/49	NA6

¹Odds ratio;

²95% confidence interval; ³greatest diameter of largest adenoma; ⁴dysplasia in adenoma with greatest degree of dysplasia; ⁵if multiple adenomas, classified as “Any villous” if any adenoma villous or tubulovillous; ⁶not available.

Table 4 Multivariate-adjusted1 joint and combined associations of VDR Tru9I genotypes and various risk factors for colorectal neoplasms and risk for incident sporadic colorectal adenomas, MAP study, 1994-1997

	UU			Uu+uu
	Cases (n)	Controls (n)	OR2/95%CI3	Cases (n)	Controls (n)	OR/95%CI
Age (yr)
≤57	58	83	1	12	31	0.60 (0.26-1.37)
>57	86	89	1.41 (0.86-2.31)	15	18	1.09 (0.46-2.56)
Sex
Male	85	60	1	15	16	0.65 (0.28-1.53)
Female	59	112	0.51 (0.30-0.85)	12	33	0.38 (0.17-0.88)
Current smoker
No	35	77	1	6	25	0.39 (0.13-1.23)
Yes	105	94	1.84 (1.07-3.17)	20	24	1.56 (0.69-3.53)
Current drinker
No	63	99	1	13	26	0.96 (0.44-2.08)
Yes	77	71	1.65 (1.01-2.69)	12	22	0.90 (0.39-2.06)
NSAID4 use
No	118	117	1	21	38	0.64 (0.34-1.23)
Yes	23	54	0.48 (0.26-0.86)	5	11	0.38 (0.12-1.25)
Total calcium intake5
Lower	92	84	1	13	23	0.53 (0.23-1.20)
Higher	49	86	0.53 (0.32-0.87)	14	26	0.52 (0.23-1.14)
Total vitamin D intake6
Lower	76	83	1	14	25	0.59 (0.26-1.33)
Higher	65	87	0.78 (0.48-1.27)	13	24	0.60 (0.27-1.38)

¹Adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, history of colon cancer in a first degree relative, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, current smoking status, and total calcium and alcohol intakes; ²odds ratio; ³95% confidence interval; ⁴nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; ⁵sex-specific median calcium intakes for males 701.3 mg/d, for females 754.1 mg/d; ⁶sex-specific median vitamin D intakes for males 257.2 IU/d, for females 229.7 IU/d.