Urinary nucleosides as biological markers for patients with colorectal cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathological parameters of 52 patients with colorectal carcinoma

Clinicopathological parameters		Numbers(%)
Gender	Male	29 (55.8)
	Female	23 (44.2)
Age (yr)	Range	26-87
	Mean	56.4
	Median	60.0
Primary site	Rectum	15 (28.8)
	Sigmoid colon	6 (11.5)
	Colon	31 (59.6)
Duke’s stage	Duke’s A	7 (13.5)
	Duke’s B	23 (44.2)
	Duke’s C	15 (28.8)
	Duke’s D	7 (13.5)
Tumor size	≥ 5 cm	23 (44.2)
	< 5 cm	29 (55.8)
Histological grade	Well differentiated tumor	9 (17.3)
	Moderately differentiated tumor	32 (61.5)
	Poorly differentiated tumor	11 (21.2)
CEA	≥ 5 mg/L	15 (28.8)
	< 5 mg/L	37 (71.2)

Table 2 Time events for the switching of column and of mobile phase¹

Time (min)	Pump	Event	Valve position
0.00 – 7.00	Pump 1 (eluent A)	Sample matrix are discharged by column 1	1
	Pump 2 (eluent B)	Conditioning of column 2
7.00 – 10.00	Pump 2 (eluent B)	Analytes are transferred from column 1 to column 2	2
10.00 – 50.00	Pump 2 and Pump 3 (eluents B and C)	Analysis of nucleosides on column 2 by using a linear	1
		gradient elution program
	Pump 1 (eluent A)	Conditioning of column	1

¹Eluent A: 0.25 mol/L NH₄AC (pH 8.5); eluent B: 25 mmol/L KH₂PO₄ (pH 4.5); eluent C: methanol:water (3:2, v/v). Flow rate: pump 1, 0.2 mL/min; pump 2, 1.2 mL/min. Detection wavelength: 260 nm.

Table 3 Comparison of levels of urinary nucleosides from healthy adults, patients with intestinal villous adenoma and colorectal can-cer (mean±SD, nmoL/µmoL creatinine)

Nucleoside	Healthy adults	Patients with	Patients with
		intestinal villous	colorectal cancer
		adenoma
Pseu	22.08 ± 5.11	23.99 ± 5.61	42.19 ± 22.25a
C	0.15 ± 0.12	0.40 ± 0.21c	0.43 ± 0.49a
U	0.30 ± 0.15	0.31 ± 0.12	0.31 ± 0.23
m1A	2.04 ± 0.53	2.30 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 0.80a
I	0.28 ± 0.11	0.27 ± 0.11	0.50 ± 0.35a
m5U	0.04 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.06c	0.13 ± 0.08a
G	0.09 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.04
m1I	1.25 ± 0.28	1.97 ± 0.50c	2.76 ± 1.94a
m1G	0.82 ± 0.24	1.21 ± 0.26c	1.44 ± 0.51a
ac4C	0.69 ± 0.20	0.70 ± 0.19	0.84 ± 0.30a
m2G	0.55 ± 0.14	0.52 ± 0.28	0.63 ± 0.26a
A	0.52 ± 0.16	0.59 ± 0.25	0.66 ± 0.30a
m22G	1.25 ± 0.23	1.43 ± 0.27	1.81 ± 0.55a
m6A	0.04 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.05	0.07 ± 0.05a

^aP < 0.05 patients with colorectal cancer vs healthy adults.

^cP < 0.05 patients with intestinal villous adenoma vs healthy adults.

Table 4 Relationship of the levels of urinary nucleosides from patients of colorectal cancer with the tumor size, Duke’s stage and differentiation

Nucleoside	Tumor size	Duke’s stage	Differentiation
	R	R	R
Pseu	0.192	0.325a	-0.051
C	0.199	0.103	0.109
U	0.159	0.19	0.142
m1A	0.188	0.303a	-0.014
I	0.241	0.198	-0.009
m5U	0.056	0.149	0.033
G	0.262	0.135	0.113
m1I	0.287	0.202	0.045
m1G	0.376a	0.256	0.041
ac4C	0.053	0.189	0.008
m2G	0.275	0.261	0.091
A	0.068	0.224	0.023
m22G	0.287	0.27	0.051
m6A	0.097	0.157	0.201

R: relationship coefficient;

^aP < 0.05 nucleosides vs Duke’s stage.