Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes angiogenesis by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor and predicts prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma

Table 1 COX-2, VEGF, and MVC status in relation to clinicopathological characteristics of patients.

Pathological characteristics	n	Positive VEGF (%)	Positive COX-2 (%)	MVC
Sex
Male	28	17 (60.7)	21 (75.0)	56±12
Female	36	18 (50.0)a	25 (69.4)a	58±16a
Age (yr)
≥60	30	16 (53.3)	22 (73.3)	54±13
<60	34	19 (55.9)a	24 (70.6)a	60±15a
Clinical stage
S1, S2, S3	20	10 (50.0)	10 (50.0)	49±15
S4, S5	44	25 (56.8)a	36 (81.8)b	64±12b
Degree of differentiation
Well differentiated	21	7 (33.3)	12 (57.1)	50±14
Moderately and poorly	43	28 (65.1)c	34 (79.1)a	61±13b
differentiated
Lymph node metastasis
Positive	40	28 (70.0)	35 (87.5)	65±12
Negative	24	7 (29.2)b	11 (45.8)b	45±7b

^aP<0.05,

^bP<0.01,

^cP<0.05 vs control.

Table 2 Correlation between MVC, VEGF and COX-2 expression rate.

Characteristics	VEGF expression		MVC
	Positive	Negative
COX-2 expression
Positive	29	17	62±13
Negative	6	12a	45±10b

^aP<0.05,

^bP<0.01 vs control.

Table 3 Relationship between expressions of COX-2 and VEGF and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

Characteristics	n	Survival time (yr)		Rate of 3-yrsurvival (%)
		<3	>3
VEGF expression
Positive	35	25	10	28.6
Negative	17	5	12	70.6b
COX-2 expression
Positive	38	26	12	31.6
Negative	14	4	10	71.4a

^aP<0.05,

^bP<0.01 vs control.