Reduced bone mineral density and altered bone turnover markers in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B or C infection

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and biochemical markers in non-cirrhotic hepatitis B or C patients.

Parameter	All patients (n = 43)	Hepatitis B(n = 13)	Hepatitis C (n = 30)
Age (yr)	49 (26–77)	49 (27–67)	49 (26–77)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.32 (18.42–32.45)	23.33 (19.44–30.35)	23.32 (18.42–32.45)
Males, n (%)	12 (28)	6 (46)	6 (20)
Osteoporosis (%)	8 (19)	2 (15)	6 (20)
Osteopenia (%)	25 (58)	7 (54)	18 (60)
Smoking, n (%)	6 (14)	4 (31)	2 (7)
Diagnosis, n (%)		13 (30)	30 (70)
HBV-DNA (log copies/mL)		2.46 (1.00–7.70)
HCV-RNA (log IU/mL)			5.46 (1.00–5.93)
Staging1
Low grade 1–2	32 (82)	9 (82)	23 (82)
High grade 3–4	7 (18)	2 (18)	5 (18)
ALT (mmol/L s)	0.70 (0.14–1.58)	0.55 (0.44–1.39)	0.74 (0.14–1.58)
Albumin (g/L)	42.2 (38.7–46.8)	41.8 (39.8–46.8)	42.1 (38.7–45.5)

¹Four patients had no biopsy in the last 2 yr.

Table 2 Characteristics of bone metabolism in patients with chronic viral liver disease.

Parameter	All patients (n = 43)	Hepatitis B (n = 13)	Hepatitis C (n = 30)
AlkPhos (mmol/L s)	2.95 (1.32–10.87)	2.39 (1.96–6.67)	2.98 (1.32–10.87)
BALP (mmol/L s)	1.69 (0.76–3.89)	1.52 (0.76–2.94)	1.51 (0.76–3.89)
iPTH (pmol/L)	2.57 (1.35–5.96)	2.59 (1.35–5.96)	2.69 (1.45–5.38)
25 (OH)D3 (pg/mL)	27.4 (11.9–65.7)	27.40 (15.40–60.20)	28.05 (11.90–65.70)
1,25 (OH)2D3 (pg/mL)	38.7 (10.0–86.8)	41.40 (21.50–60.7)	38.20 (10.00–86.80)
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.08 (0.57–1.43)	0.95 (0.57–1.15)	1.09 (0.67–1.43)
Ca (mmol/L)	2.43 (2.17–2.58)	2.44 (2.22–2.58)	2.39 (2.17–2.57)
iCa (mmol/L)	1.23 (0.99–1.34)	1.22 (1.12–1.29)	1.25 (0.99–1.34)
PD/UCr (pmol/µmoL)	58.0 (30.0–235.0)	59.0 (30.0–102.0)	57.00 (34.00–235.00)
DPD/UCr (pmol/mmoL)	13.3 (6.3–50.5)	10.6 (6.3–26.7)	13.85 (6.4–50.5)

Table 3 Correlation of liver histology (staging) with bone markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C.

Parameter	r	P
iPTH	0.523	0.001
25 (OH)D3	–0.025	0.878
1,25 (OH)2D3	0.006	0.973
Phosphate	–0.033	0.841
iCa	–0.215	0.188
BALP	0.469	0.001

Table 4 Correlation of BMD femoral neck with bone markers and vitamin D in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

Parameter	r	P
iPTH	0.325	0.02
25 (OH)D3	0.282	0.067
1,25 (OH)2D3	–0.071	0.649
Phosphate	–0.204	0.057
iCa	0.022	0.888
BALP	–0.082	0.599