Adiponectin as a protective factor in hepatic steatosis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i12.1737

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2005; 11(12): 1737-1741
Published online Mar 28, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i12.1737

Table 1 Anthropometric, metabolic, and biochemical variables of cases and controls (mean±SD).

Variable	Cases (n = 98)	Controls (n = 98)	P¹
Age (yr)	48.5 (11.3)	44.4 (11.9)	0.012
Weight (kg)	82.1 (12.5)	72.0 (17.4)	<0.0001²
Height (cm)	167.8 (8.9)	168.1 (9.4)	0.96
Waist (cm)	98.7 (9.1)	85.1 (11.1)	<0.0001²
Hip (cm)	107.4 (9.6)	99.6 (6.4)	<0.0001²
Waist to hip ratio	0.92 (0.07)	0.85 (0.09)	<0.0001²
BMI	29.2 (3.7)	24.7 (3.0)	<0.0001²
Body fat (%)	31.2 (6.7)	26.3 (6.4)	<0.0001²
Alcohol (g/d)	5.5 (10.9)	4.5 (6.6)	0.95
Cigarettes (n/d)	3.6 (8.2)	3.6 (9.9)	0.9
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.86 (2.26)	4.91 (0.59)	<0.0001²
Insulin (pmol/L)	65.28 (36.8)	36.11 (22.91)	<0.0001²
HOMA index	2.5 (1.9)	1.2 (0.9)	<0.0001²
Uric acid (mmol/L)	374.72 (77.32)	333.08 (83.27)	0.0032
Total protein (g/L)	71 (4)	70 (5)	0.56
Albumin (g/L)	41 (3)	41 (3)	0.39
Total bilirubin (mmol/L)	17.1 (9.91)	15.56 (6.49)	0.3
Direct bilirubin (mmol/L)	2.56 (4.27)	2.39 (1.19)	0.39
Indirect bilirubin (mmol/L)	14.19 (6.32)	12.99 (6.15)	0.11
ALT (U/L)	32.0 (17.2)	24.6 (7.2)	<0.0001²
AST (U/L)	42.8 (29.5)	26.6 (14.3)	<0.0001²
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	69.7 (23.4)	63.9 (20.4)	0.042
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.61 (1.08)	5.09 (0.84)	<0.0001²
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.57 (0.83)	3.25 (0.74)	0.0032
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.96 (0.23)	1.06 (0.26)	0.0032
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.56 (2.4)	1.71 (1.31)	<0.0001²
Leptin (mg/mL)	12.5 (8.5)	9.10 (5.6)	0.006
Adiponectin (mg/mL)	15.3 (9.0)	20.7 (10.8)	<0.0001²

¹Mann–Whitney U test.

²Significant differences.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Dietary variables between cases and controls (mean±SD).

Variable	Cases (n = 98)	Controls (n = 98)	P¹
Calories (Kcal/d)	2329 (1143)	1891 (718)	0.001²
Protein (g/d)	80 (45)	68 (24)	0.03²
Carbohydrates (g/d)	290 (139)	239 (115)	0.003²
Fructose (g/d)	36 (26)	29 (21)	0.02²
Glucose (g/d)	30 (22)	23 (17)	0.02²
Total fat (g/d)	79 (46)	64 (25)	0.005²
Saturated fatty acids (g/d)	27 (18)	21 (9)	0.006
Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/d)	37 (21)	30 (11)	0.006
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/d)	15 (8)	13 (7)	0.02²
Iron (mg/d)	14 (6)	12 (5)	0.03²
Zinc (mg/d)	17 (8)	16 (7)	0.24
Copper (mg/d)	2 (1)	2 (1)	0.55
Manganese (mg/d)	17 (13)	18 (36)	0.03²
Selenium (mg/d)	38 (21)	36 (21)	0.24
Vitamin C (mg/d)	233 (227)	183 (117)	0.04²
Carotene (UI/d)	6873 (4185)	5995 (4818)	0.03²
α-Carotene (mg/d)	415 (347)	348 (450)	0.01²
β-Carotene (mg/d)	3140 (2054)	2708 (2045)	0.02
Lutein–xanthine (mg/d)	1608 (1107)	1624 (1138)	0.89
Vitamin E (mg/d)	8 (4)	8 (4)	0.48
Total tocopherol (mg/d)	24 (12)	20 (10)	0.02
α-Tocopherol (mg/d)	10 (5)	9 (4)	0.02²
β-Tocopherol (mg/d)	1 (4)	1 (5)	0.01²
γ-Tocopherol (mg/d)	13 (8)	11 (6)	0.06
δ-Tocopherol (mg/d)	2 (2)	2 (1)	0.07
Cholesterol (mg/d)	270 (203)	222 (118)	0.09
Alcohol (mg/d)	3 (7)	3 (5)	0.6
Caffeine (mg/d)	166 (206)	116 (171)	0.01²

¹Mann–Whitney U test.

²Significant differences.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Quartile (Q) distribution of adiponectin between cases (by HS grade) and controls.

Adiponectin quartile	Cases (HS)
	Controls		Grade I		Grade II		Grade III
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Q₁	14	14.3	14	29.2	21	46.7	0	0
Q₂	23	23.5	15	31.3	9	20	2	40
Q₃	29	29.6	10	20.8	9	20	1	20
Q₄	32	32.7	9	18.8	6	13.3	2	40
Total	98	100	48	100	45	100	5	100

χ² for linear trend = 11.7, P = 0.001.

Full Size Table

Table 4 Quartile (Q) distribution of leptin between cases (by HS grade) and controls.

Leptin quartile	Cases (HS)
	Controls		Grade I		Grade II		Grade III
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Q₁	30	30.6	9	18.8	9	20	1	20
Q₂	25	25.5	15	31.3	8	17.8	1	20
Q₃	23	23.5	11	22.9	15	33.3	0	0
Q₄	20	20.4	13	27.1	13	28.9	3	60
Total	98	100	48	100	45	100	5	100

χ² for linear trend = 4.8, P = 0.03.

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Table 5 Multivariate model1 obtained by logistic regression analysis testing adiponectin concentration (by quartile) as a protective main effect.

Quartile	OR	95%CI	P
Q₁	1
Q₂	0.33	0.101.02	0.05²
Q₃	0.24	0.070.77	0.02²
Q₄	0.17	0.040.67	0.01²

¹Model controlled for: gender (female vs male), age (≥45 vs <45 yr), leptin (quartiles), BMI (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30), caloric intake (kcal/d), total-cholesterol (≥240 vs <240 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (<40 vs≥40 mg/dL), waist (>102 cm in male, >88 cm in female), and HOMA index (≥2.5 vs <2.5).

²Significant differences.

Full Size Table

Citation: Méndez-Sánchez N, Chávez-Tapia NC, Villa AR, Sánchez-Lara K, Zamora-Valdés D, Ramos MH, Uribe M. Adiponectin as a protective factor in hepatic steatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(12): 1737-1741
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v11/i12/1737.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i12.1737