Factors for early tumor recurrence of single small hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1439

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Mar 14, 2005 (publication date) through Feb 15, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Liver Cancer

World J Gastroenterol. Mar 14, 2005; 11(10): 1439-1444
Published online Mar 14, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1439

Table 1 Baseline data of 22 patients with long-term follow-up.

Sex (male/ female)	16/6
Age (yr, range)	62.5±11.3 (40-82)
HBV/HCV/HBV+HCV/others	9/10/2/1
Child's classification
A / B / C	18/4/0
Esophageal varices (+/-)	11/11
Ascites (+/-)	1/21
Tumor size (cm, range)	2.3±0.7 (1.1-3.9)
≤2 cm / > 2 cm	10/12
Tumor location
Right lobe/Left lobe	16/6
Subcapsular lesion (+/-)	4/18
Histological classification
Well¹/Poor²	21/1
Tumor staging (BCLC stage)³
Ia / Ib / Ic	11/10/1

Grading of HCC by Edmondson and Steiner classification[17]

¹Well: well differentiated (grade I, II).

²Poor: poorly differentiated (grade III, IV)

³BCLC stage: staging system from conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference[16].

Table 2 Results of RFA in 22 patients with long-term follow-up.

Total sessions of RFA	26
One session/ Two sessions	18/4
Average sessions	1.20.4
Ablative time (min, range)	21.3±13.7 (3-48)
F/U¹ duration (mo, range)	28.8±9.0 (15-45)
Roll-off (+/-)	21/1
Complications
Local pain	11
Nausea/vomiting	4
Fever	1
Local-free interval (M², range)	22.2±10.0 (4-45)
Tumor-free interval (M², range)	18.5±11.4 (2-45)
Local recurrence rate
12M/24M/30M	13.6% / 33.3% /46.6%
Overall recurrence rate
12M/24M/30M	36.4%/56.2%/56.2%
Survival interval (M², range)	28.7±9.1 (15-45)
Pre-RFA / Post-RFA³
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8±0.5/4.20.6
GOT (U/L)	63.5±32.9/70.434.2
GPT (U/L)	71.1±40.0/79.234.2
T. Bili.⁴ (mg/dL)	1.1±0.5/1.00.5
Alk-P⁵ (U/L)	116.0±46.3/123.546.1
AFP⁶ level (ng/mL)
Pre-treatment (range)	223.5±663.1 (3-2870)
Post-treatment	41.3±90.6 (3-422)
Decrease AFP > 50% post RFA
Yes / No	8/14

¹F/U: Follow-up

² M: months

³Data of pre-RFA / Data of post-RFA

⁴T. Bili: total bilirubin level

⁵Alk-P: alkaline phosphatase level

⁶AFP: alpha-fetoprotein.

Table 3 Factors affecting the new tumor formation within one year in 22 patients after RFA.

	New tumor(n = 8)	No new tumor(n = 14)	P
Age (yr)	55.1±8.3	66.7±10.8	0.029
Sex (male/female)	6/2	10/4	NS⁶
Child¹ (A/B)	5/3	13/1	0.076
Right lobe/Left lobe	5/3	11/3	NS
Subcapsular (+/-)	2/6	2/12	NS
HBV/HCV/others	3/4/1	6/6/2	NS
EV² (+/-)	2/6	9/5	0.076
Tumor size (cm)	2.4±0.8	2.2±0.8	NS
Tumor >2 cm (+/-)	5/3	7/7	NS
Histology
(Well/Poor)³	7/1	14/0	NS
BCLC stage⁴ Ia/Ib/Ic	2/5/1	9/5/0	NS
Roll-off (+/-)	8/0	13/1	NS
Ablative time (min)	20.8±10.8	21.6±15.5	NS
Sessions	1.1±0.4	1.2±0.4	NS
Follow-up (mo)	26.8±10.4	30.0±8.3	NS
Pre-RFA/Post-RFA
Albumin (g/dL)	3.6±0.5/4.1±0.7	4.0±0.4/4.2±0.5	0.059/NS
T.Bili (mg/dL)	1.3±0.6/1.0±0.3	1.0±0.4/1.1±0.6	NS/NS
GOT (U/L)	54.3±18.1/61.0±23.1	68.7±38.5 /75.8±38.9	NS/NS
GPT (U/L)	63.336.5/82.141.1	75.6±42.5/77.6±31.1	NS/NS
Alk-P (U/L)	117.0±33.3/126.9±45.1	115.5±53.5/121.6±48.2	NS/NS
AFP⁵ (ng/mL)	388.5±1 003.2/77.9±142.4	129.2±376.8/20.4±32.4	NS/NS
Decrease AFP > 50%	4/4	4/10	NS
Post-RFA(+/-)

¹Child: Child-Pugh classification.

²EV: esophageal varices

³Well/Poor: Well differentiated/Poor differentiated

⁴BCLC stage: staging system from conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference[16]

⁵AFP: alpha-fetoprotein

⁶NS: not significant.

Table 4 Factors affecting the local tumor recurrence within 1 year in 22 patients after RFA.

	Local recurrence (n = 3)	No local recurrence(n = 19)	P
Age (yr)	57.7±9.3	63.3±11.6	NS⁶
Sex (Male/Female)	2/1	14/5	NS
Child¹ (A/B)	3/0	15/4	NS
Right lobe/Left lobe	2/1	14/5	NS
Subcapsular (+/-)	1/2	3/16	NS
HBV/HCV/others	1/2/0	8/8/3	NS
EV² (+/-)	1/2	10/9	NS
Tumor size (cm)	3.2±0.7	2.2±0.7	0.03
Tumor >2 cm (+/-)	3/0	9/10	0.089
Histology
(Well/Poor)³	2/1	19/0	0.01
BCLCstage⁴ Ia/Ib/Ic	1/1/1	10/9	0.036
Roll-off (+/-)	3/0	18/1	NS
Ablative time (min)	27.0±12.3	20.4±14.0	NS
Sessions	1.3±0.6	1.2±0.4	NS
Follow-up (mo)	35.0±6.6	27.8±9.1	NS
Pre-RFA/Post-RFA
Albumin (g/dL)	3.6±0.3/4.0±1.0	3.9±0.5/4.2±0.5	NS/NS
T. Bili. (mg/dL)	1.2±0.6/1.1±0.2	1.0±0.5/1.0±0.5	NS/NS
GOT (U/L)	56.3±16.2/49.3±14.0	64.6±34.9/73.3±35.4	NS/NS
GPT (U/L)	50.0±24.4/56.3±20.1	74.4±41.4/82.8±34.9	NS/NS
Alk-P (U/L)	106.3±26.3/109.3±31.0	117.6±49.1/125.7±48.3	NS/NS
AFP⁵ (ng/mL)	967.7±1647.5/145.0±240.0	106.0±323.3/24.9±33.3	NS/NS
Decrease AFP > 50%	2/1	6/13	NS
Post-RFA(+/-)

¹Child: child-Pugh classification

²EV: esophageal varices

³Well/Poor: well differentiated/Poor differentiated

⁴BCLC stage: staging system from conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference[16]

⁵AFP: alpha-fetoprotein

⁶NS: not significant.

Citation: Yu HC, Cheng JS, Lai KH, Lin CP, Lo GH, Lin CK, Hsu PI, Chan HH, Lo CC, Tsai WL, Chen WC. Factors for early tumor recurrence of single small hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(10): 1439-1444
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v11/i10/1439.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1439