Key role of mast cells and their major secretory products in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Mast cells involved in non-allergic diseases in internal medicine.

Disease	Evidence
Chronic obstructive	Mast cell hyperplasia in epithelia and
pulmonary disease	bronchial glands[2,3], tryptase and histamine
(COPD)	release in BALF[4]
Cor pulmonale	Mast cell hyperplasia in bronchial and
	vascular tissues[5]
Bronchiectasis	Increased numbers of degranulated mast
	cells in lung tissue, and higher tryptase
	concentrations in BALF[6]
Acute respiratory	Mast cell hyperplasia[7] and degranulation[8]
distress syndrome (ARDS)
ronchiolitis obliterans-	Mast cell hyperplasia[9] and degranulation[10]
organizing pneumonia
Cystic fibrosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[11] and
	degranulation[12] in lung
Interstitial lung diseases	Mast cell hyperplasia[13] and degranulation[14]
Silicosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[15]
Sarcoidosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[16], and
	degranulation[17] in lung
Lung cancer	Mast cell hyperplasia[18]
Tuberculosis	Mast cell degranulation[19]
Gastritis	Mast cell hyperplasia[20] and degranulation[21]
Peptic ulcer	Mast cell hyperplasia[22] and degranulation[23]
Hepatocellular	Mast cell hyperplasia[24]
carcinoma
Ulcerative colitis	Mast cell hyperplasia[25,26] and degranulation[27]
Crohn’s disease	Mast cell hyperplasia[28] and degranulation[29]
Liver cirrhosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[30]
Hepatitis	Mast cell hyperplasia[31,32]
Pancreatitis	Mast cell hyperplasia and degranulation[33]
Atherosclerosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[34]
Myocardial infarction	Mast cell hyperplasia and degranulation[35,36]
Congenital heart disease	Mast cell hyperplasia and subtype change[37]
Myocarditis	Mast cell hyperplasia[38]
Cardiomyopathy	Mast cell hyperplasia[39] and degranulation[40]
Diabetes	Mast cell hyperplasia[41]
Thyroiditis	Mast cell hyperplasia[42]
Osteoporosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[43]
Glomerulonephritis	Mast cell hyperplasia[44]
Nephropathy	Mast cell hyperplasia[45]
Multiple sclerosis	Mast cell hyperplasia[46]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Mast cell degranulation[47]
Osteoarthritis	Mast cell hyperplasia[48]
Rheumatic arthritis	Mast cell hyperplasia[49]