Prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients in China

Table 1 Demography in 3 groups

	Control n = 356	Hepatitis n = 416	Cirrhosis n = 409
Age (yr)	44.4 ± 12.7	36.8 ± 18.6	53.4 ± 11.9
Male/female	207/149	330/86	248/161
Education (yr)
> 6	69 (19.4)	69 (16.9)	82 (20.0)
6-12	168 (47.2)	215 (51.7)	190 (46.5)
> 12	119 (33.4)	132 (31.7)	137 (33.5)
Smoking	65 (18.3)	99 (23.8)	88 (21.5)
Alcohol	39 (10.9)	48 (11.5)	123 (30.1)

Table 2 Results of SDT in 3 groups

Age (yr)	Control		Hepatitis		Cirrhosis
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
</=34	82	12.5 ± 2.2	176	12.7 ± 3.1	52	10.8 ± 2.8a
35-44	76	11.9 ± 1.7	114	12.3 ± 3.5	73	9.4 ± 2.7a
45-54	74	12.8 ± 2.3	71	12.3 ± 2.2	107	8.9 ± 2.5a
55-64	69	11.9 ± 2.1	35	11.5 ± 1.6	87	7.8 ± 2.5a
>/=65	54	12.7 ± 2.4	20	9.0 ± 2.2	90	6.7 ± 2.3a
Total	356	12.2 ± 2.3	416	12.2 ± 3.1	409	8.5 ± 2.8a

^aP < 0.05 vs normal control and chronic hepatitis.

Table 3 Results of NCT in 3 groups

Age (yr)	Control		Hepatitis		Cirrhosisa
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
</=34	82	26.7 ± 8.8	176	27.0 ± 6.9	52	46.1 ± 19.2
35-44	76	34.2 ± 12.7	114	35.8 ± 20.3	73	51.4 ± 26.5
45-54	74	39.8 ± 13.8	71	41.9 ± 12.7	107	59.3 ± 30.8
55-64	69	52.7 ± 13.5	35	54.3 ± 7.3	87	71.1 ± 41.8
>/=65	55	69.9 ± 14.8	20	80.1 ± 12.1	90	102.3 ± 48.8
Total	356	47.8 ± 13.2	416	36.8 ± 18.6	409	68.2 ± 41.2

^aP < 0.05 vs cirrhosis versus normal control and chronic hepatitis.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic analysis for risk factors in cirrhotic group

	n	NCT	DST	SHE(%)	p2	OR
Sex					0.494	0.9
Male	344	67.4 ± 42.1	8.6 ± 2.8	51.2
Female	65	72.4 ± 36.0	8.7 ± 2.6	52.3
p1		0.367	0.266	0.866
Smoking					0.903	1.0
Yes	288	6.2 ± 38.7	8.6 ± 2.6	51.0
No	121	672.8 ± 46.4	8.3 ± 2.9	52.1
p1		0.145	0.358	0.850
Etiology					0.430	0.8
Alcohol	59	71.3 ± 40.1	8.0 ± 2.6	54.2
Non-alcohol	350	67.7 ± 41.4	8.6 ± 2.9	51.0
p1		0.541	0.153	0.646
Education (yr)					0.390	0.9
< 6	72	92.8 ± 50.0	6.9 ± 2.4	51.4
6-12	199	69.6 ± 41.1	8.2 ± 2.6	55.3
> 12	138	53.3 ± 27.6	9.7 ± 2.9	45.3
p1		0.001	0.001	0.221
Age (yr)					0.779	1.0
< 35	52	46.1 ± 19.2	10.8 ± 2.8	51.9
35-44	73	51.4 ± 26.5	9.4 ± 2.7	52.1
45-54	107	59.3 ± 30.8	8.9 ± 2.5	49.5
55-64	87	71.1 ± 41.8	7.8 ± 2.5	50.0
> 65	90	102.3 ± 48.8	6.7 ± 2.3	57.8
p1		0.001	0.001	0.617
Child-Pugh					0.001	2.0
A	188	58.5 ± 34.9	9.3 ± 2.8	39.9%
B	143	72.8 ± 41.2	8.1 ± 2.8	55.2%
C	78	83.1 ± 49.1	7.4 ± 2.6	71.8%
p1		0.001	0.001	0.001

p1: P value within groups. p2: P value among groups in logistic analysis.

Table 5 Relationships between psychometric tests and Child-Pugh’s grade

	Child’s A	Child’s B	Child’s C	Total (n,%)
n	188	143	78	409
Abnormal in SDT	23	20	10	53 (13.0)
Abnormal in NCT	16	10	10	36 (8.8)
Abnormal in SDT and NCT	35	48	36	119 (29.1)
Total (%)	74 (39.4)	78 (54.5)	56 (71.9)a	208 (50.9)

^aP < 0.05.