Changes of gut flora and endotoxin in rats with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure

Table 1 Degree of hepatic injury and mortality in ALF rats at various time points after injection of GalN

	Group A (n = 10)	Group B (n = 11)	Group C (n = 10)
TP (g/L)	62.6 ± 1.3	48.9 ± 1.2d	51.0 ± 3.1d
Albumin (g/L)	34.3 ± 0.7	27.8 ± 0.7d	30.3 ± 1.1d
Globulin (g/L)	28.6 ± 0.8	21.1 ± 1.1d	21.5 ± 2.6d
ALT (U/L)	60.6 ± 3.3	4798 ± 1114d	3183 ± 1257d
AST (U/L)	138.0 ± 7.5	5032 ± 1067d	2928 ± 843d
AKP (U/L)	272.0 ± 18.6	639 ± 60d	747 ± 133d
TBA (μmol/L)	11.8 ± 2.6	425 ± 33d	262 ± 58da
TBiL(μmol/L)	7.0 ± 0.4	40.6 ± 8.2d	63.2 ± 18.4d
Mortality	NO	8.33% (1/12)	44.44% (8/18)b

Values are expressed as mean ± SE or frequency of occurrence (%).

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs group B,

^dP < 0.01 vs group A.

Table 2 Alterations in gut flora in rats with ALF at various time points after GalN administration

Flora	Group A (n = 10)	Group B (n = 11)	Group C (n = 10)
Bacteriodaceae
Jejunum	ND	ND	ND
Ileum	4.0 ± 0.3	5.0 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.7
Colon	9.3 ± 0.3	9.5 ± 0.3	9.7 ± 0.4
Lactobacillus
Jejunum	4.9 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.3d	4.8 ± 0.4a
Ileum	8.0 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.4f	6.2 ± 0.3f
Colon	9.3 ± 0.2	8.1 ± 0.2f	8.5 ± 0.2d
Enterobacteriaceae
Jejunum	3.6 ± 0.2	5.1 ± 0.3f	4.3 ± 0.3b
Ileum	5.3 ± 0.3	6.9 ± 0.5c	6.3 ± 0.5
Colon	7.6 ± 0.1	8.7 ± 0.2c	7.9 ± 0.3a
Enterococcus
Jejunum	3.8 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.2
Ileum	4.9 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.5
Colon	6.8 ± 0.2	5.8 ± 0.4c	6.7 ± 0.3

Data are expressed as mean ± SE. ND: Not detected;

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs group B,

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 vs group A.

Table 3 Levels of endotoxin in intestine, PVB and RVB in rats with ALF at different time points after injection of GalN

	Group A (n = 10)	Group B (n = 11)	Group C (n = 10)
Jejunum (ng/g)	67.8 ± 13.0	56.7 ± 18.6	88.1 ± 15.2
Ileum (ng/g)	51.5 ± 8.9	111.3 ± 22.8a	146.7 ± 27.0b
Colon (ng/g)	1022 ± 179	1841 ± 363	2444 ± 349b
PVB (ng/L)	40.6 ± 7.3	76.8 ± 9.1b	45.0 ± 5.3c
RVB (ng/L)	34.9 ± 6.0	37.5 ± 12.3	37.1 ± 6.6

Data are expressed as mean ± SE.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs group B. PVB: Portal venous blood; RVB: Right ventricle blood.