Contractile effects and intracellular Ca2+ signalling induced by emodin in circular smooth muscle cells of rat colon

Figure 1 Contractile effect of emodin on isolated smooth muscle cell. Values were calculated as means ± SE from 3 experiments.

Figure 2 Effect of ML-7 on emodin-induced contraction of smooth muscle cells. Values were means ± SE of 3 experiments. ^aP < 0.05 by Student’s t-test.

Figure 3 Timecourse changes of [Ca²⁺]i induced by emodin in a circular colonic smooth muscle cells (analysed by BioRad Laserpix software).

Figure 4 Average peak and sustained changes in [Ca²⁺]i in response to emodin (50 μmol/L). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.001.

Figure 5 Average peak (top) and sustained (bottom) changes in [Ca²⁺]i in response to emodin under control conditions, in the presence of nifedipine, and EGTA solution. n = 15. ^aP < 0.05 vs emodin group.

Figure 6 Effect of ryanodine and heparin on the change in [Ca²⁺]i induced by emodin. n = 15 ^aP < 0.05 vs emodin group ^bP < 0.01 vs emodin group.