Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver and antiviral response in chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1  Flow chart of the study identification, screening and inclusion processes.

Figure 2 Forest plots comparing hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance rates between patients with chronic hepatitis B alone and those with chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. A: 48 weeks; B: 96 weeks, C: 48 weeks, nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; D: 48 weeks, interferon-based therapy; E: 96 weeks, nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; F: 96 weeks, interferon-based therapy. Pooled effects are expressed as odds ratios with 95%CIs. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B.

Figure 3 Forest plots comparing hepatitis B e antigen seroclearance rates between patients with chronic hepatitis B alone and those with chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. A: 24 weeks; B: 48 weeks; C: 96 weeks; D: 48 weeks nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; E: 48 weeks, interferon-based therapy. Pooled effects are expressed as odds ratios with 95%CIs. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B.

Figure 4 Forest plots comparing alanine aminotransferase normalization rates between patients with chronic hepatitis B alone and those with chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. A: 24 weeks; B: 48 weeks; C: 96 weeks; D: 24 weeks nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; E: 24 weeks, interferon-based therapy; F: 48 weeks nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; G: 48 weeks, interferon-based therapy. Pooled effects are expressed as odds ratios with 95%CIs. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B.

Figure 5 Forest plots comparing hepatitis B virus DNA clearance rates between patients with chronic hepatitis B alone and those with chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. A: 24 weeks; B: 48 weeks; C: 96 weeks; D: 48 weeks nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy; E: 48 weeks, interferon-based therapy. Pooled effects are expressed as odds ratios with 95%CIs. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B.

Figure 6 Forest plot comparing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma between patients with chronic hepatitis B alone and those with chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Pooled effects are expressed as odds ratios with 95%CIs. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B.