Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A prospective cohort study

Figure 1 Flowchart of patient enrollment and exclusion. ASA: American society of Anesthesiologists; ICU: Intensive care unit; PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Figure 2 Trends in Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching scores. Postoperative day (POD)-1, POD 0, and POD 1a, etc., represent the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and PODs 1, 2, 3, etc., respectively. The suffixes “a” and “p” denote assessment times of 8:00 and 20:00, respectively. INVR: Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching; POD: Postoperative day.

Figure 3 Time course of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and retching. Postoperative day (POD) 0, POD 1a, POD 1p, etc., represent the day of surgery, POD 1 at 8:00, and POD 1 at 20:00, etc., respectively. The suffixes “a” and “p” denote assessment times of 8:00 and 20:00, respectively. POD: Postoperative day.

Figure 4 Forest plot of multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting. Multivariable logistic regression with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) as the outcome. Apfel score (reference score = 0) and dexmedetomidine use (reference = no) were independently associated with PONV. Dots represent odds ratios (ORs); horizontal lines indicate 95%CIs. OR > 1 indicates increased risk of PONV; OR < 1 indicates decreased risk of PONV. OR: Odds ratio; Ref: Reference.