Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Studies screening process.

Figure 2 Forest plots of the meta-analysis. A: Meta-analysis of the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD); B: Meta-analysis of the association of non-erosive reflux disease/erosive reflux disease and FD; C: Meta-analysis of the association of FD symptoms among GERD patients; D: Meta-analysis of the association of GERD symptoms among FD patients. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 3 Subgroup analyses of the gastroesophageal reflux disease-functional dyspepsia association. A: Subgroup for population; B: Subgroup for economic-income; C: Subgroup for sample size. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4 Sensitivity analysis for pooled estimates. A: Sensitivity analysis of non-erosive reflux disease/erosive reflux disease and functional dyspepsia (FD); B: Sensitivity analysis of FD symptoms among gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients; C: Sensitivity analysis of GERD and FD; D: Sensitivity analysis of GERD symptoms among FD patients. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 5 Funnel plots for publication bias assessment. A: Funnel plots of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD); B: Funnel plots of non-erosive reflux disease/erosive reflux disease and FD; C: Funnel plots of FD symptoms among GERD patients; D: Funnel plots of GERD symptoms among FD patients. ES: Effect size.

Figure 6 Egger’s regression analyses for publication bias. A: Egger’s regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD); B: Egger’s regression of non-erosive reflux disease/erosive reflux disease and FD; C: Egger’s regression of FD symptoms among GERD patients; D: Egger’s regression of GERD symptoms among FD patients. CI: Confidence interval.