Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2023; 29(5): 851-866
Published online Feb 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.851
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Study design. HLA-B27 transgenic rats (Tg) and wild-type rats (nTg) were randomized to receive phosphate buffered saline (n = 10), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) CNCM I-3856 (n = 14), adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 (n = 13), or S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and LF82 (n = 27) by oral gavage from week (W) 10 or 11 to W18. Ileocecal resection was performed at W12, and animals were sacrificed at W18. Streptomycin (dotted line) was given on the last 3 d of W10 in all rats. Luminal (arrows) and/or adherent (dotted arrows) LF82 was quantified weekly during the 8-wk study. CFU: Colony-forming unit; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; ICR: Ileocecal resection; d: Day.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Anastomotic macroscopic score (0-4).
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Body weight evolution. A: Evolution of weight changes compared to body weight at W11 in nontransgenic (nTg) rats; B: Evolution of weight changes compared to body weight at W11 in transgenic (Tg) rats. bP < 0.01. LF82: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82; CNCM I-3856: Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Anastomotic macroscopic lesions and postoperative recurrence at sacrifice. A: Anastomotic macroscopic scores in the different groups of HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) rats and wild-type (nTg) rats at sacrifice; B: % postoperative recurrence (anastomotic macroscopic score ≥ 2) at sacrifice in HLA-B27 Tg rats. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. LF82: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82; CNCM I-3856: Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Anastomotic histologic lesions at sacrifice. Anastomotic histologic scores in the different groups of HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) rats and wild-type (nTg) rats at sacrifice. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. LF82: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82; CNCM I-3856: Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Levels of luminal adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 at surgery and sacrifice. A: Luminal levels of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 at surgery [week (W) 12] and sacrifice (W18) in the different groups of HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) rats and wild-type (nTg) rats; B: Luminal levels of LF82 at W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving LF82 alone; C: Luminal levels of LF82 at W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and LF82. bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001. CFU: Colony-forming unit; log10: Decimal logarithm.
Figure 7
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Figure 7 Levels of anastomotic adherent adherent-invasive Escherichiacoli LF82 at surgery and sacrifice. A: Adherent levels of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 at surgery [week (W) 12] and sacrifice (W18) in the different groups of HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) rats and wild-type (nTg) rats; B: Adherent levels of LF82 at W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving LF82 alone; C: Adherent levels of LF82 at W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and LF82. cP < 0.001. CFU: Colony-forming unit; log10: Decimal logarithm.
Figure 8
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Figure 8 Evolution of the levels of luminal adherent-invasive Escherichiacoli LF82 after surgery. A: Weekly evaluation of the luminal LF82 Levels after surgery in HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) rats and wild-type (nTg) rats receiving adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 alone or Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and LF82; B: Global persistence of viable luminal LF82 after surgery and during the last 5 wk of the study in Tg rats receiving LF82 alone or CNCM I-3856 and LF82. cP < 0.001. CFU: Colony-forming unit; log10: Decimal logarithm.
Figure 9
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Figure 9 Correlation between anastomotic macroscopic scores and adherent and luminal adherent-invasive Escherichiacoli LF82 levels. A: Adherent levels of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 at sacrifice [week (W) 18] were correlated with anastomotic macroscopic scores at sacrifice in paired transgenic (Tg) animals receiving LF82 alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856; B: At surgery (W12), the levels of adherent LF82 were correlated with luminal LF82 Levels in paired Tg animals receiving LF82 alone; C: At W18, the levels of adherent LF82 were correlated with luminal LF82 Levels in paired Tg animals receiving LF82 alone. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. CFU: Colony-forming unit; log10: Decimal logarithm.
Figure 10
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Figure 10  Prognostic value of luminal adherent-invasive Escherichiacoli LF82 levels in postoperative recurrence. A: Correlation between luminal adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 Levels at week 14 and the risk of postoperative (POR) recurrence at W18 in transgenic (Tg) animals receiving LF82 alone or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) CNCM I-3856 and LF82; B: Higher frequency of POR in highly infected (HI) Tg animals receiving LF82 alone or S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and LF82 as defined by a cutoff value of 2.262 Log10 CFUs (colony-forming units) of luminal LF82 per gram of stool at W14 in comparison with mildly infected (MI) Tg rats (71.4% vs 25%, P = 0.02). aP < 0.05. CFU: Colony-forming unit; log10: Decimal logarithm.
Figure 11
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Figure 11  Interleukin-10 mRNA expression in the anastomotic mucosa. A: Interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA expression between surgery (week (W) 12) and sacrifice (W18) in paired Tg rats receiving adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 alone; B: IL-10 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) CNCM I-3856 and LF82; C: IL-10 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 alone. aP < 0.05. β-act: β-actin.
Figure 12
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Figure 12  Interleukin-23 mRNA expression in the anastomotic mucosa. A: Expression of interleukin (IL)-23 mRNA in the perianastomotic mucosa in all transgenic (Tg) and nontransgenic (nTg) groups at sacrifice; B: IL-23 mRNA expression between surgery [week (W) 12] and sacrifice (W18) in paired Tg rats receiving adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 alone; C: IL-23 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving coadministration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) CNCM I-3856 and LF82; D: IL-23 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 alone. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. β-act: β-actin; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline.
Figure 13
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Figure 13  Interleukin-17 mRNA expression in the anastomotic mucosa. A: Expression of interleukin (IL)-17 mRNA in the perianastomotic mucosa in all transgenic (Tg) and nontransgenic (nTg) groups at sacrifice; B: IL-17 mRNA expression between surgery [week (W) 12] and sacrifice (W18) in paired Tg rats receiving adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 alone; C: IL-17 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving coadministration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) CNCM I-3856 and LF82; D: IL-17 mRNA expression between W12 and W18 in paired Tg rats receiving S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 alone. aP < 0.05. β-act: β-actin; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline.