Gastrointestinal tract injuries after thermal ablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature

Figure 1 Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showing the subcapsular 20 mm hepatocellular carcinoma at the 4^th liver segment. A: During wash-in phase; B: During wash-out phase.

Figure 2 Abdominal film with oral water-soluble contrast agent showing a gastric perforation with a gastro-cutaneous fistulous tract (surgical drain in place).

Figure 3 Endoscopic finding of the gastric perforation in communication with a purulent collection. Pylorus can be seen in the lower part of the picture.

Figure 4 Endoscopic closure of the perforation using an over-the-scope clip.

Figure 5 Abdominal film with oral water-soluble contrast agent showing no active leakage from the stomach. The over-the-scope clip can be seen in gastric antrum.