Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Figure 1 Recommendation for the management of medication based on current studies. ¹During the first 30 d following coronary stenting and during the first 90 d following acute coronary syndrome; ²The influence of short-term discontinuation has not been determined; ³Aspirin should be continued; ⁴Resumption reduces cardiovascular events but may increase rebleeding; ⁵The influence of long-term discontinuation has not been determined; ⁶Changing to apixaban, or reducing the dose of dabigatran to 110 mg b.i.d may reduce rebleeding in GIB patients taking warfarin, dabigatran (150 mg b.i.d) or rivaroxaban. NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; DOAC: Direct-acting oral anticoagulant; PT-INR: Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio.