Acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure is different from in decompensated cirrhosis

Figure 1 Box-plot of urinary tubular damage biomarkers levels in different groups. A: Urinary NGAL; B: Urinary CysC; C: Urinary L-FABP; D: Urinary IL-18; E: Urinary KIM-1. The boxes in each graph represents the median (middle line), 25^th percentile (bottom line) and 75^th percentile (top line) values, whereas lower and upper whiskers represent data within1.5 IQR of the lower quartile and upper quartile, respectively. Circles represent outliers. Kruskal-Wallis test were used for all comparison and P < 0.05 were considered as have statistical significance, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; DC: Decompensated cirrhosis; AKI: Acute kidney injury; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; HC: Healthy controls; NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; CysC: Cystatin C; L-FABP: Liver-type fatty acid binding protein; IL-18: Interleukin-18; KIM-1: Kidney injury molecule-1.

Figure 2 Acute kidney injury staging, progression and the response to terlipressin in ACLF-AKI and DC-AKI patients. A: AKI stages at diagnosis (P = 0.396); B: Peak stages of AKI (P = 0.039); C: Progression of AKI (P = 0.013); D: Patient’s response to terlipressin (P = 0.018). All analyses compared by fisher's exact test or chi-square test, P < 0.05 were considered as have statistically significant.

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves shows the cumulative survival rates of acute-on-chronic liver failure and decompensated cirrhosis patients categorized accorrding to the presence of acute kidney injury. Survival estimates were compared by log-rank test, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; DC: Decompensated cirrhosis; AKI: Acute kidney injury.