From diagnosis to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An epidemic problem for both developed and developing world

Figure 1 Imaging studies used in diagnosis, treatment planning, management and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure 2 Multiphasic computed tomography in a large hepatocellular carcinoma located in the right liver lobe. A: Unenhanced image; B: Lesion’s enhancement in the late hepatic arterial phase; C: Lesion’s “washout” in the portal venous phase; D: Delayed phase image. The lesion has capsule appearance most shown in the portal venous and delayed phase.

Figure 3 Well differentiated, (grade 1) hepatocellular carcinoma and early hepatocellular carcinoma with diffuse fatty change. A: White arrows indicate the interface between HCC (left) and background liver (right); B: HCC cells show high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and minimal nuclear atypia. A: H/E × 100, B: H/E × 200; C and D: Early HCC with diffuse fatty change. Black arrowhead depicts a preserved portal tract. Gomori stain shows rarefaction of reticulin network. C: H/E × 100, D: Gomori stain × 100. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure 4 Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features, intermediate cell subtype. Tumor expresses both hepatocellular (HepPar1) and biliary (CK19) immunohistochemical markers. A: H/E × 100; B: HepPar1 × 100; C: CK19 × 100.

Figure 5 Intra-operative situs [prior (A) and post (B) right hepatectomy] and surgical specimen (C) of a large hepatocellular carcinoma located in the right liver lobe.