Diagnostic and therapeutic single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy in biliopancreatic diseases: Prospective multicenter study in Japan

Figure 1 Single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy procedure. A: Computed tomography revealed a hilar and inferior bile duct stricture and wall thickening; B: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram showed a nonconsecutive bile duct stricture in the hilar and inferior bile ducts; C: SpyGlass view revealed an irregular granular stricture with a thin to thick tortuous vessel; D: Cholangioscope-guided biopsy using the SpyBite was performed in this case.

Figure 2 Single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy view. A: Obstructive impacted stone targeted by the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe; B: Obstructive impacted stone targeted by green laser spot.

Figure 3 Flow chart of this study. Overall characteristics of 148 patients who underwent single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent.

Figure 4 Pancreatoscopy using single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy for diagnostic purposes. A: SpyGlass view revealed a papillary and fish-egg-like lesion in the main pancreatic duct; B: Pancreatoscopy-guided biopsy using the SpyBite was performed in this case.