Clinical outcomes and ergonomics analysis of three laparoscopic techniques for Hirschsprung's disease

Figure 1 Positioning of trocars and instruments. A: Conventional laparoscopic pull-through; B: Single-incision laparoscopic pull-through; and C: Hybrid single-incision laparoscopic pull-through procedure.

Figure 2 Resection of the necessary amount of the mobilized colon and coloanal anastomosis with the short cuff. A: Rectal submucosa dissection with a long cuff; B: Cuff shortening; C: Partial resection of the muscular cuff with a “V” shape of the posterior wall; D: Coloanal anastomosis after the endorectal pull-through and resection of the necessary amount of colon.

Figure 3 Postoperative appearance of umbilicus and abdominal wound. A: Conventional laparoscopic pull-through; B: Single-incision laparoscopic pull-through; and C: Hybrid single-incision laparoscopic pull-through procedure.

Figure 4 Appearance of abdominal scars on follow-up. A: Conventional laparoscopic pull-through; B: Single-incision laparoscopic pull-through; and C: Hybrid single-incision laparoscopic pull-through procedure.