Is Helicobacter pylori infection associated with glycemic control in diabetics?

Figure 1 Helicobacter pylori infection and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients. The forest plot demonstrates the positive association between Helicobacter pylori infection and HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but not type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IV: Inverse variance.

Figure 2 Helicobacter pylori infection and fasting plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The forest plot demonstrates the positive association between Helicobacter pylori infection and fasting plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The studies included were not homogeneous. IV: Inverse variance.

Figure 3 Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A: Glycosylated hemoglobin decrease (%); B: Fasting plasma glucose decrease (mmol/L). The forest plot demonstrates that eradication of Helicobacter pylori did not improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a 3-mo follow-up period. IV: Inverse variance.

Figure 4 Helicobacter pylori reinfection and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. The forest plot demonstrates the positive association between Helicobacter pylori re-infection and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. IV: Inverse variance.

Figure 5 Funnel plots for publication bias. Each dot represents the mean difference for glycosylated hemoglobin level (A) or fasting plasma glucose level (B) in Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative diabetics.