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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2014; 20(9): 2279-2303
Published online Mar 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2279
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Cellular metabolism of cancer cells-association with cell proliferation. Solid arrows represent single reactions; dotted arrows represent processes including numerous reactions. PRPP: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate; Ribose 5-P: Ribose 5-phosphate; Glucose 6-P: Glucose 6-phosphate; PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase; CS: Citrate synthase; ACLY: ATP citrate lyase; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Hallmarks of cancer.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Glutamine metabolism of cancer cells. Red arrows represent glutaminolysis; green arrows represent “reversed Krebs cycle” reactions; blue arrows represent glycolysis; yellow arrows represent lipogenesis. Solid arrows represent single reactions; dotted arrows represent processes including numerous reactions. Fructose 6-P: Fructose 6-phosphate; GAGs: Glycosaminoglycans; GPs: Glycoproteins.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α'β in pancreatic cancer. HIF1α: Hypoxia inducible factor 1α; HIF1β: Hypoxia inducible factor 1β; VHL: Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor; GLUT-1: Glucose transporter 1; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Fatty acid synthesis in pancreatic cancer. The up-regulated enzymes are marked in green. GLUT-1: Glucose transporter 1; HK: Hexokinase; glucose 6-P: Glucose 6-phosphate; PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase; CS: Citrate synthase; ACLY: ATP citrate lyase; ACCA: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN: Fatty acid synthase; ACS: Acyl-CoA synthetase, ELOV: Elongase; SCD: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids; SFA: Saturated fatty acids.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Possible role of aldo-keto reductase 1B10 in regulation of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Binding of AKR1B10 results in stabilization of ACCA, and up-regulation of fatty acid synthesis. AKR1B10: Aldo-keto reductase family 1B10; ACCA: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Isopentenyl-PP: Isopentenyl diphosphate; Geranyl-PP: Geranyl diphosphate; Farnesyl-PP: Farnesyl diphosphate; Geranylgeranyl-PP: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate.