Aloe vera attenuated gastric injury on indomethacin-induced gastropathy in rats

Figure 1 Effects of Aloe vera on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, gastric malondialdehyde, interleukin-18 gastric epithelial positive stained cells in rats with indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. A: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), ^aP < 0.05 vs indomethacin (IMN) group, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; B: Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), ^cP < 0.05 vs IMN group, ^dP < 0.01 vs control group; C: Gastric malondialdehyde (MDA), ^fP < 0.01 vs IMN group, ^hP < 0.01 vs control group; D: Interleukin (IL)-18, ^jP < 0.01 vs IMN group, ^lP < 0.01 vs control group. 1: Control; 2: IMN; 3: Aloe vera-treated.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemical staining of interleukin-18 antibody in the representative tissue specimens. A, B: Control; C, D: Indomethacin; E, F: Aloe vera-treated. Images were obtained at × 20 (A, C, and E) and × 40 (B, D, and F). DAB staining was used to highlight gastric epithelial cells in each section (dark brown stain, yellow arrows).