Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in vivo by novel endoscopic techniques

Figure 1 Gastric body mucosal patterns on magnifying endoscopy. A: Normal mucosa comprises a honeycomb−type subepithelial capillary network (SECN) with a regular arrangement of collecting venules (arrow) and regular, round pits; B: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis appears loss of the normal SECN and collecting venules, with enlarged white pits surrounded by erythema; C: Corresponding histologic features of Figure 1A; D: Corresponding histologic features of Figure 1B.

Figure 2 Narrow band imaging of the gastric body. A: Normal mucosa shows uniform small, round pits surrounded by honeycomb-like subepithelial capillary networks (SECNs); B: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis shows obviously enlarged, oval or prolonged pits; C: Corresponding histologic features of Figure 2A; D: Corresponding histologic features of Figure 2B.

Figure 3 Comparison of confocal laser endomicroscopy images and histology of surface gastric mucosa. A: Accumulated white spots (arrow) visible on the epithelial layer and gastric pits after topical application of acriflavine; B: Histopathology specimens (arrows).