Individualized hepatocellular carcinoma risk: The challenges for designing successful chemoprevention strategies

Figure 1 Hepatocellular carcinoma rates in nucleos(t)ide analogs-naive cirrhotic patients with long-term response. Several studies have shown that hepatitis B virus patients who achieve a virological response to lamivudine in some cases still develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the only complication. LAM: Lamivudine; ETV: Entecavir; RCT: Randomized controlled trial.

Figure 2 Cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis stratified by sustained virological response. Studies in Caucasian patients as well as in patients from Asia have repeatedly shown that a sustained virological response (SVR) following interferon-based therapies can reduce the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma development in hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.