Reduction of gastrointestinal motility by unilateral thyroparathyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in rats

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of experiments to examine gastrointestinal motility after sequential application of unilateral thyroparathyroidectomy and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. TPX: Thyroparatyroidectomy; VAX: Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.

Figure 2 Effects of unilateral thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on body weight gain in rats. Body weights were measured for 7 d from the day after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups. TPX: Thyroparatyroidectomy.

Figure 3 Changes in daily dietary intake in the thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy rats. Daily dietary intake (A: Absolute; B: Relative to body weight) was measured for 7 d from the day after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups. TPX: Thyroparatyroidectomy.

Figure 4 Effects of thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in rats. Gastric emptying (A) and small bowel transit (B) was measured 8 d after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups. TPX: Thyroparatyroidectomy.

Figure 5 Effects of thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on defecation of rats. Fecal pellet numbers (A) and weights (B) were measured for 7 d from the day after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups. TPX: Thyroparatyroidectomy.

Figure 6 Reduced contractile activity of the proximal colonic muscles in the thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy rats. Animals were sacrificed at 8 d after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX), and intact proximal colonic strips prepared from the age-matched normal and thyroparatyroidectomy (TPX) plus VAX rats were longitudinally or circularly mounted in a 10 mL organ bath. The contractile responses of colonic strips to acetylcholine (Ach) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were measured by isometric force transducers. Figures show the representative tracings (A) and contractile responses to ACh (B) and L-NAME (C). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups.

Figure 7 Reduced contractile activity of distal colonic muscles in the thyroparatyroidectomy plus subdiaphragmatic vagotomy rats. Animals were sacrificed at 8 d after subdiaphragmatic subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAX), and intact distal colonic strips prepared from the age-matched normal and thyroparatyroidectomy (TPX) plus VAX rats were longitudinally or circularly mounted in a 10 mL organ bath. The contractile responses of colonic strips to acetylcholine (Ach) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were measured by isometric force transducers. Figures show the representative tracings (A) and contractile responses to ACh (B) and L-NAME (C). Each point represents the mean ± SE of 7-9 rats. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs normal and sham-operated groups.