Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells

Figure 1 Effect of non-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells on surface phenotype of dendritic cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of dendritic cells (DC) cultured alone or co-cultured with non-stimulated epithelial cell monolayers for 12 h showing DC surface phenotype by staining with I-A^d. Data are shown as the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) ± SEM of three representative experiments. Significant difference between the single culture and co-culture as determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.01).

Figure 2 Effect of probiotics on I-A^d of single- or co-cultured dendritic cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of probiotics-treated dendritic cells (DC) cultured in the presence or absence of intestinal monolayers for 12 h. Filled histograms are isotype controls; unfilled histogram show staining for I-A^d. Numbers indicate the mean fluorescent intensity of three representative experiments. ^aSignificant difference among the control, lipopolysaccharides and probiotics as determined by analysis of variance (P < 0.05). LPS: Lipopolysaccharides; BL: Bifidobacterium lactis AD011, BB: Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4, LC: Lactobacillus casei IBS041; LA: Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031.

Figure 3 Effect of probiotics on the CD80, CD86 and CD40 of single- or co-cultured dendritic cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of probiotics-treated dendritic cells (DC) cultured in the presence or absence of intestinal monolayers for 12 h. Filled histograms are isotype controls; unfilled histogram shows staining for CD80 (A), CD86 (B) and CD40 (C). Numbers indicate the mean fluorescent intensity of at least three representative experiments. ^aSignificant difference among the control, lipopolysaccharides, and probiotics as determined by analysis of variance (P < 0.05). LPS: Lipopolysaccharides; BL: Bifidobacterium lactis AD011, BB: Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4, LC: Lactobacillus casei IBS041; LA: Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031.

Figure 4 Effect of probiotics on the production of cytokines from single- or co-cultured dendritic cells. Supernatants were obtained from probiotic-treated dendritic cells (DC) cultured in the presence or absence of intestinal monolayers for 12 h. Levels of interleutkin (IL)-6 (A), IL-10 (B), IL-12p70 (C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (D), and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β (E) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are shown as mean ± SE of three representative experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences among the control, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and probiotics determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P < 0.05). Significant difference between the single culture and co-culture as determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.05). BL: Bifidobacterium lactis AD011; BB: Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4; LC: Lactobacillus casei IBS041; LA: Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031.